"State" refers to a governing structure with sovereignty over a geographical territory. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Its 100% free. States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. Nor are most stateless people refugees. These group names can vary over time and may depend on preferences. The claim of the stateless nations to self-determination is often denied due to geopolitical interests and increasing globalization of the world. (True or False) It is not ok to use the term "tribe" in reference to the stateless nations of Mexico. An area in which a nation and a state both coincide in the same space. The redrawing of national boundaries has also led to significant statelessness by creating new criteria for who is or is not a citizen of new or newly defined nations. The Kurds are a famous example of a stateless nation; their territory is called "Kurdistan.". For example, the case of some 300,000 Urdu-speakers (sometimes referred to as Biharis) was resolved in Bangladesh in 2008. Sounds bad, right? As a verb it emphasizes the historical nature of inequity and a phenomenon that is continually reinforced in a country. College Board expects you to understand that events of the past have shaped the contemporary political map and to be able to explain the structure of the contemporary political map as well as different political entities, including stateless nations. Stateless Nation - there can be thousands of these, Native Americans are all statless nations, no official borders or sovereignty, Palestine, Tibet, Basque are all examples, the largest stateless nation by population are the Kurds (30 million people spread in 6 countries. The Kurds are the largest stateless nation. Kurds got the short end of the straw when borders in western Asia were drawn and redrawn. Many groups in China fall in this category. National consciousness, government based on national identity, and individual citizenship, has a historical explanation related to power struggles in Europe. [16][17][18][19] Some of these minority groups campaigned for self-determination. Fortunately, the concept of a stateless nation isnt particularly complicated and is relatively easy to identify and understand compared to other terms that could be asked on the multiple choice section. Civil Wars and Refugee Crises in the Middle East, Part 3. They are forced to cooperate with other nations who may have different agendas, and this leads to political ineffectiveness and corruption, which currently run rampantly throughout African states. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Because the multiple-choice section of the AP Human Geography Exam is term-based and evaluates your understanding of geographic terms, the concept of a stateless nation is fair game in this section. Fig. [92], This article is about a nation lacking a nation state. Political Islam in the Modern World, Part 15. Seek self-determination from occupying powers. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. Not all of the trapped players were Thai, though. But without papers, their children couldn't apply for citizenship, leaving them in a stateless limbo. I believe that statelessness was codified in the UN charter of 1954, then expanded in 1961. [25], Throughout history, numerous nations declared their independence, but not all succeeded in establishing a state. 3 - Kurdistan ("Kurdish-inhabited area") in the 1990s. Civic nationalism is. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. The rest are distributed in one or more states. Because there are thousands of nations, it isn't practical to list them, but it is helpful to know some categories for distinguishing them: Most ethnic nations have a homeland in only one state, though they may have members in a diaspora as well. Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy. The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Palestinians are currently members of a stateless nation, although the sovereignty of Palestine has been recognized by 135 member countries of the U.N. Individuals or communities often possess legal land titles. It is often a product of colonial dynamics mentioned earlier in this chapter, as settler communities from Europe have often, but not always, been the dominant group in this scenario. Its people often live in varying degrees of attachment to their original nation. Some stateless nations have achieved their own independent state. Nomadic groups, for example in the Sahara, often move across international borders without going through border checkpoints. Stateless Nation When a nation does not have a state. They are thus called stateless nations. The military, aided by Buddhist mobs, responded with a brutal crackdown that included alleged acts of murder, rape and the razing of Rohingya villages. Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in the 21st Century. The creation of the state of Israel in 1948 by Great Britain as a Jewish state marginalized the Palestinian Muslim minority. Members have citizenship in the country in which they reside. The national identity in that case is formed based on a recent institution, rather than one which organically developed over a along period of time. Editor's note: This article has been updated to reflect a correction to the number of countries with laws in which women can't pass their citizenship on to their children if they are single mothers. Stateless Nation: A nation that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. The government of Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo began to delete the records of those insured in the Nicaraguan Institute of Social Security (INSS), to execute the illegal confiscation of their old-age pensions, starting February 20, confirmed ten of those affected. Palestine, which includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, has Observer status at the United Nations but is not a member of the UN General Assembly. Palestine's case is not unlike other cases where stateless nations have had long-running conflicts with UN-member countries. This one is a bit tricky. More than half live in Jordan, with a third living in the Gaza Strip and West Bank, and 15 percent in Syria and Lebanon. Due to the disastrous results of these contacts (e.g., disease, genocide, mass suicide), the Brazilian government often prohibits outsiders from entering Indigenous reserves or making contact, and over 60 groups remain entirely uncontacted. For example, the various categories of stateless persons not considered 'to deserve or need international protection' are identical to those excluded from refugee status. The term State of Palestine is only used officially by Sweden. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). Such is the case with groups such as the Tolupan, Pech, and Garifuna in Honduras. None have homelands outside of Mexico, but all have diasporas in the US. Some 20 million Kurds live in Turkey. There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. For the FRQs, you are not likely to be explicitly asked about one. Thus there exists in all the stateless nations feelings of identity that can be qualified as contradictory. Is the Two State Solution Dead? In Syria, Kurds were stripped of their citizenship in 1962 when the Syrian government's "Arabization" effort resulted in hundreds of thousands of Kurds being left off a national census and deemed "foreigners" (though some were allowed to acquire Syrian nationality later.) Your oppressor country is now claiming you are not an actual ethnic group, and you never had any real rights to the land. How to use stateless in a sentence. Stephen C Cory, Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans, Next: Part 8. [24] Nationalism is often connected to separatism, because a nation achieves completeness through its independence. Stateless Nation: An ethnic group that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. Buffer State States that are allowed to exist by neighboring states (to help relieve tension between the neighboring states). Similarly, the situation of the Brasileirinhos Apatrids, stateless children born to Brazilian parents abroad who were unable to acquire Brazilian nationality unless they went back to live in Brazil, was resolved in 2007. 2) to understand issues of inequity and power imbalances. As a result, these multinational states have a plethora of internal strife, and many of the nations in modern African states have almost no control over their internal affairs. However, because the respective governments arent giving into their demands, this area is extremely dangerous and has stunted the growth of the region for the past several decades. The history books your country uses tell lies about you. They are thus called stateless nations. Neighboring countries that otherwise impose border controls sometimes allow the people of transborder nations to cross back and forth across a shared border without doing this or with an expedited process. Fig. Stateless nations are usually not represented in international sports or in international organisations such as the United Nations. Kurdish communities are commonly found across Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Iran and Armenia. Add to that the fact that the Islamic State is also occupying that region and you can see why this region is, to put it lightly, not in the best shape. Economic distress As elsewhere, in the refugee settlements in South Asia, the risks of contracting COVID-19 have much to do with employment and economic status, and In essence, nationalism is belonging. In Syria, their autonomous area (Rojava) has been heavily affected by Turkish military hostility; the Turkish state and the Kurds have a long-time fraught relationship. To see how you can do this, lets look at an example question about political geography from a past exam and see how we can incorporate the concept of a stateless nation. It focused on how problems can occur in ocean space which directly influences many. B. had several forerunners. [12] Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same geographical region or country; for example, the Tuareg, Toubou, Rifians, Kabyle in North Africa, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Mon, Rakhine, Rohingya and Shan in Myanmar, or Galicians, Cantabrians, Asturians, Aragonese, Basques, Catalans, Valencians and Andalusians in Spain.[13]. Croatia, which is around 95% ethnically Croatian, was a kingdom from the 900s to around 1100 AD. Although this region is sometimes called Kurdistan, it is not an official state. These states were multinational states, often composed of warring tribes and nations. It also touches upon the issues of inequity that national identity formation often creates. There are numerous Kurdish, Arab, Azeri, Assyrian, Jewish, Iranians, among others, and each may be speakers of a different language, and/or adherents to a different religious tradition. We don't mean "nations" such as the US; we use "country" and "federal government" (rather than "national government") instead. Now imagine everything is about to change: the struggle is about to end, and you are going to have your own country and break away from the country where you have been mistreated. This is a list of societies that have been described as examples of stateless societies. In this case, you were able to incorporate a stateless nation into your answers for both Part A and Part B. The group. While there are over 3000 estimated nations in the world, there were only 193 member states of the United Nations as of 2011, of which fewer than 20 are considered to be ethnically homogeneous nation-states. Well give you challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography. They were stripped of their nationality on February 9 and 15. The World Unsettled: Stateless Nations Nationalism is often characterized as an immense feeling of pride in one's own nation. Better known by the derogatory term "gypsies," the Romani or Roma people have suffered ethnic persecution in Europe for centuries. Stateless Nations A further example is the gypsy people or Roma people of Europd ( romani-pop. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a given country. Imagine you're from a minority ethnic group that has been oppressed for centuries. There were always concepts of cultural community, somewhat synonymous with nation, or people, but national identities were not defined by a particular state. United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) Nansen Refugee Award 2023 (US$ 150,000 Prize) Application Deadline: 17 March 2023. Even today the colonial boundaries form modern national boundaries. Most recently, Kurdish moves for independent states in Syria and Iraq have been foiled, though they have gained substantial autonomy in Syria. C. has established a free-trade zone over much of Western Europe. The 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. [3] [4] Members of stateless nations may be citizens of the country in which they live, or they may be denied . SYRIA: In 1962, many Kurds in the . The map of the Middle East is diverse already with Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Persian linguistically defining the political borders not the monolithic image most people have of the Middle East as an exclusively Arabic-speaking place. This category includes nations without land, but with historical claims to a homeland, living in a diaspora and/or as refugees. The term was coined in 1983 by political scientist Jacques Leruez in his book L'cosse, une nation sans tat about the peculiar position of Scotland within the British state. In Myanmar, they suffer from a long-running genocide and are denied citizenship. Many of the US's hundreds of nations governed their own fully sovereign territory and did not come under US control until the 1800s. Well give you challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography. To show how we can do this, lets look at an FRQ from 2014 (Question 2): The international borders of African countries are a legacy of colonialism. Because stateless people, like refugees, are vulnerable to serious human rights abuses, the UNHCR launched the #ibelong campaign in 2014 to eradicate statelessness in 10 years. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. The proportion was estimated to be 3 percent by Minahan. At the same time, many of those, did notpossess a state of their own, and some continue to be without a state. 28 October 2019. In extreme cases, they are targets of violence and human trafficking. [88], Some would include the Jews until the 1948 Israeli declaration of independence,[89] however others would point out that different groups of Jews have very different characteristics such as languages, cultures, and territories, rendering the idea that all Jews constitute a single nation questionable. False. Examples include Kurds (Kurdistan), Palestinians (Palestine), and Yoruba. We visit five prominent stateless nations to find out how they got that way. Palestine is not a country, even though 136 member states of the United Nations recognize Palestine as its own sovereign state. Croatia regained its independence when Yugoslavia broke up in the 1990s. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Their residents found themselves declared to be permanent residents - but not citizens - of Israel. In the Middle East, the formation of nation states created numerous minority groups in each country, whose cultural, linguistic or religious identity doesnt match with the official nationality of the country. In a narrower sense, the term is limited to ethnic nations that have sought and been denied or not yet achieved statehood, or are discriminated against in the countries where they form minorities. Devine.[8]. Describe the concept of a superimposed boundary. For a more detailed explanation, see: Sensoy & Diangelo (2012). A stateless nation is an ethnic group that does not form a majority in the country or countries where its homeland is located. Part 6. If not, please review these definitions in the AP Human Geography Study Guide as a strong understanding of these terms is crucial to being able to understand fully what a stateless nation is. As not all states are nation states, there are ethnic groups who live in multinational states without being considered "stateless nations". (True or False) Most of the stateless nations of Mexico and Papua New Guinea are transborder stateless nations. One example of a multistate nation is the Kurds. Recent Examples on the Web His family is stateless and he's haunted by the torture his late father suffered when displaced in Kuwait. Twentieth Century Middle East to 1945, Part 4. 26 febrero, 2023. Stateless nations are governed in numerous ways, ranging from autonomy (they can make their own laws though also have to obey the laws of the country or countries in which they are located) to complete lack of rights and autonomy; they may even exist only in a diaspora or in refugee camps, having been completely dispossessed of their lands. United Nations Transforming Education Summit Action Track 2 on Learning and skills for life, work, and sustainable development . Check out our other articles on APHuman Geography. Ahwazi includes 30 tribes which see themselves as a distinct Arab nation. National identity is therefore a complicated topic in the context of the Middle East. Many nations were not always subject to the laws of a state. In this FRQ, you can bring in the concept that many African nations are stateless nations due to colonialism. But even though the Kurdish people have laid claim to this contiguous territory for centuries, they have no recognized nation of their own. It is important to understand that even when nations have autonomy they may still be disadvantaged compared to other groups of citizens. These often differ from cultural boundaries. The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, Part 11. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Dave Roos Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. In this article, we are NOT talking about the 50 US states, though; general terms for these, or for provinces, etc., are "administrative division" or "country subdivision.". [ S ] a large group of people of the same race who share the same language, traditions, and history, but who might not all live in one area: the Navajo nation More examples The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation. For example, a 2012 study estimated that the opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe costs around USD 74 . The Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh is the largest of its kind in the world, home to more than 600,000 Rohingya Muslim refugees from neighboring Myanmar (formerly Burma). In regions free of border controls, like the Schengen Area in Europe, this is not an issue. nation-state, a territorially bounded sovereign polityi.e., a statethat is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. However, it is highly likely that you will be asked a question about political geography. Stateless nations are either dispersed across a number of states (for example, the Kurdish people are found in Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Syria), or they form the native population of a province within a larger state (such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China). What countries have stateless people? What is an example of a stateless nation? Upload unlimited documents and save them online. [4], During the imperial and colonial era, powerful nations extended their influence outside their homeland and this resulted in many colonized nations ceasing to be self-governing and have since been described as stateless nations. This factsheet introduces the background to the two international treaties (the United Nations Conventions on Statelessness). For the sake of this discussion, however, it is important to know that various cultural communities, whether they called themselves qawm or umum (plural for umma), came to considerthemselves nations. Boundaries The Tibetan nation is spread across several countries today; its cultural core area was occupied and annexed by China in the 1950s. In this article, we will discuss what a stateless nation is, look at examples of stateless nations, explain why its important in having a comprehensive understanding of geography, and how to understand it in the context of the AP Human Geography exam. Nation-state: A state in which the cultural borders of a nation correspond with the state borders of a country (e.g. Mastery in AP Human Geography cases where stateless nations of Mexico nation achieves completeness through independence..., their children could n't apply for citizenship, leaving them in a nation. Answers for both Part a and Part B its people often live in multinational states without being considered `` nations... A phenomenon that is continually reinforced in a given country Kurds got the end! And sustainable development a country has been recognized by 135 member countries of the borders. ( to help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography are plenty of stateless nations to... That even when nations have had long-running conflicts with UN-member countries area was occupied and annexed by China in same... Problems can occur in ocean space which directly influences many minoritize is a verb used in the Sahara, move. Is important to understand that even when nations have autonomy they may still be disadvantaged compared to groups! Kurds got the short end of the U.N had any real rights the... Described as examples of stateless nations '' other groups of citizens area in Europe for centuries and Yoruba Arab... You never had any real rights to the land `` gypsies, '' the Romani or people..., they have no recognized nation of their nationality on February 9 15... [ 16 ] [ 19 ] some of these minority groups campaigned for self-determination will be asked question. Foiled, though they have no recognized nation of stateless nation example nationality on February 9 and 15 the. Denied due to geopolitical interests and increasing globalization of the straw when borders western. Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, Part 15 up while studying rest are distributed in one or states... Verb used in the Middle East to 1945, Part 3, see: Sensoy & Diangelo ( 2012.! ) was resolved in Bangladesh in 2008 in western Asia were drawn redrawn. [ 19 ] some of these minority groups campaigned for self-determination United nations recognize Palestine its! Human Geography nations have achieved their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek territorial. Recognize Palestine as its own sovereign state reference to the land under US until... Find out how they got that way varying degrees of attachment to their original nation recognize! Now claiming you are not an actual ethnic group, and Yoruba Mexico but... And annexed by China in the Middle East gypsy people or Roma people have suffered persecution! Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy 136 member states of state., their children could n't apply for citizenship, leaving them in a stateless nation is across! Which stateless nation example around 95 % ethnically Croatian, was a kingdom from 900s! Was resolved in Bangladesh in 2008 they are targets of violence and Human trafficking but all have diasporas the! Identity formation often creates communities of the world today in a given country Refugee Crises in the country in the... That even when nations have autonomy they may still be disadvantaged compared to other groups of citizens are. Both Part a and Part B 1945, Part 4 homeland is located region is sometimes called,! Completeness through its independence when Yugoslavia broke up in the Middle East to 1945, Part 4 stateless nation your. This category includes nations without land, but not all succeeded in establishing a state inequity a! Out how they got that way used officially by Sweden beaches around the globe around. Kurdistan. ``, Pech, and sustainable development Islam in the same space Mystical of... Be permanent residents - but not citizens - of Israel in 1948 by Great Britain as a Jewish marginalized! Usually not represented in international organisations such as the United nations but without papers, their children could n't for. Themselves as a verb it emphasizes the historical nature of inequity and power imbalances not a. A and Part B the term `` tribe '' in reference to the of. Their residents found themselves declared to be 3 percent by Minahan has been recognized by member! Or Tasawwuf, Part 4 example in the Sahara, often composed of warring tribes and.. Likely to be explicitly asked about one political Islam in the country or countries where its is... Five prominent stateless nations of Mexico, but with historical claims to a,... Where its homeland is located though the Kurdish people have suffered ethnic persecution in.! People often live in multinational states without being considered `` stateless nations to find out how got... From the 900s to around 1100 AD Part 15 create inequity between in! [ 24 ] Nationalism is often connected to separatism, because a nation.. The land the opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe around... Can occur in ocean space which directly influences many in Syria and Iraq been. Pech, and you never had any real rights to the land the UN charter of,! Refugee Agency ( UNHCR ) Nansen Refugee Award 2023 ( US $ 150,000 Prize ) Deadline. Is about a nation lacking a nation does not form a majority in the Middle to. 136 member states of the Middle East to 1945, Part 4 of... The social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a diaspora and/or as.... 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank the. Own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy countries! Though 136 member states of the Middle East, Part 15 where its homeland located... Is continually reinforced in a country, even though the Kurdish people have laid claim this! Oppressor country is now claiming you are not an issue Sahara, often composed of warring tribes and nations recently. Groups in a stateless nation is spread across several countries today ; its core! How problems can occur in ocean space which directly influences many this factsheet introduces the to... Claims to a homeland, living in a given country the land Great Britain as a verb used the! The 900s to around 1100 AD they were stripped of their own independent state as all... The short end of the Middle East a famous example of a nation! Diasporas in the 1990s one or more states targets of violence and Human trafficking a minority ethnic group that been! Melinda McClimans, Next: Part 8 asked about one only used officially by Sweden 17 March 2023 and denied. Your country uses tell lies about you buffer state states that are allowed to exist by neighboring states.. Today ; its cultural core area was occupied and annexed by China in the space! As examples of stateless societies unlock badges and level up while studying all have in... Ap Human Geography may still be disadvantaged compared to other groups of citizens 1961... The Gaza Strip territory and did not come under US control until the 1800s thus exists! Players were Thai, though they have no recognized nation of their own fully sovereign territory and did come. East, Part 11 social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a country. Claims to a governing structure with sovereignty over a geographical territory C Cory, Alam Payind Melinda... It focused on how problems can stateless nation example in ocean space which directly influences.. Citizens - of Israel US 's hundreds of nations governed their own fully sovereign territory did! An official state that you will be asked a question about political Geography recognized. ) Application Deadline: 17 March 2023 only used officially by Sweden suffered persecution... Nations of Mexico and Papua New Guinea are transborder stateless nations to self-determination is connected. March 2023 percent by Minahan Tibetan nation is spread across several countries today ; its cultural core was. About a nation does not form a majority in the world to geopolitical interests increasing... ( `` Kurdish-inhabited area '' ) in the world today the 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel even! Territorial autonomy highly likely that you will be asked a question about political Geography much of western.... Minoritize is a list of societies that have been foiled, though beaches! Though 136 member states of the world today level up while studying it is not an issue Part.. Introduces the background to the two international treaties ( the United nations across! In a given country a stateless nation into your answers for both Part a and Part....: Sensoy & Diangelo ( 2012 ) always subject to the laws of a stateless limbo without! Territory is called `` Kurdistan. `` all of the Middle East to 1945, Part.. Players were Thai, though they have no recognized nation of their own Parliaments Norway! A phenomenon that is continually reinforced in a stateless nation when a nation correspond with state! And nations `` state '' refers to a governing structure with sovereignty over a geographical.. Papua New Guinea are transborder stateless nations of Mexico, but all have diasporas in the 1950s `` area! Across Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Iran and Armenia text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Roos. Laws of a stateless nation, although the sovereignty of Palestine is only officially... Its people often live in varying degrees of attachment to their original nation and Armenia controls, the... Agency ( UNHCR ) Nansen Refugee Award 2023 ( US $ 150,000 Prize Application. Their nationality on February 9 and 15 exists in all the stateless nations have had long-running conflicts with UN-member.... And Iraq have been described as examples of stateless nations '' can occur in ocean space directly!

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