West Philadelphia's population shifted from majority-white to majority-black between 1950 and 1960. A hallmark of gentrification in Philadelphia are modest, older homes in the shadow of often modern condo complexes. In East Mount Airy there are a lot of bars, coffee shops, and parks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. Waging a struggle against the rights of property owners seems like an uphill fight in a capitalist society, but it is not the first time that some of the organizers have been involved in such a pitched battle. That doesnt happen a lot. Its one of the few places where folks who are on public housing vouchers can still access things like public transportation, a public library, medical care, markets, local stores, and other essential amenities with relative ease, said Davids. The first area to undergo this ambitious makeover was the Society Hill neighborhood in southeast Center City. Ultimately, this partnership succeeded in defeating the proposed expressway. This was a rare type of coalition: cross-class and multiracial, gentrifiers allied with the existing population to reject the destruction of modernist city planning. By spurring renovation and elevating housing values, gentrification broadened the citys tax base. Armed with generous mortgages, these gentrifiers were careful to heed OPDCs stringent guidelines for historical verisimilitude. Penn is still displacing people, plain and simple, Casey Lynch (C 18), who has been involved with the Netter Center for four years, said. But tensions rose as young, mostly white, suburban-raised Temple students began to move in. A NYC cannabis community space is harming their workers and Black-led businesses, Industrialized water containment projects ignore the needs of Indigenous communities, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. From 1982 to 1984, Philadelphia led the nation in the number of claims for such tax credits. Empty buildings and older housing with little government or private investor support led to declining populations and social institutions throughout industrial neighborhoods. Those newcomers remade Queen Villages physical landscape. Refurbished Victorian houses, lofts created from abandoned manufacturing buildings, and newly constructed townhouses provided a variety of living possibilities that reflected Manayunk's history as an industrial outpost of Philadelphia. National food writers raved about South Streets burgeoning selection of gourmet restaurants, where diners could enjoy soft-shell crab tempura or salmon with sorrel beurre blanc. Both Alexander and Johnson attest that constant meetings and forcing the owner to extend the HUD contract multiple times has been stressful on the residents. The Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority, a city agency, spearheaded the project. Studies have linked gentrification to a number of health problems for longterm neighborhood residents. After the Old Philadelphia Development Corporation purchased the property around Dock Street in 1959, many of the remaining merchants moved to the Food Distribution Center in South Philadelphia. (Photo by Mark Makela/Getty Images), Millennials Are Killing Capitalism podcast, Chinatown residents wont let a global pandemic stop them from fighting gentrification, Philadelphias Chinatown unites to fight back against Sixers covert arena development, Reimagining the university through an abolitionist lens, Immigration advocates urge Biden to reverse proposed near-total asylum ban, DeSantis spends February targeting immigrants, leading up to likely presidential run, Florida college students and educators plan to continue resisting DeSantis censorship. This image from 1973 shows the house while the interior was still under construction. Portland's Susceptibility to Gentrification Model. In recent years, a number of Philadelphia neighborhoods have undergone significant transformation, with higher-income residents moving in, real estate prices rising, new businesses . Historic Landmark for Living, a developer specializing in historic buildings, adapted the Wilbur & Sons factory into one- and two-bedroom apartments, adding to a new dynamic in the Old City neighborhood. Sign up for Prisms newsletter to get first access to news and analysis that makes you thinkand act. The blocks surrounding Dock Street continued to be popular in the nineteenth century, as hundreds of merchants established distribution warehouses and sidewalk storefronts to sell a variety of food to other Philadelphia businesses and individuals. In the Old City section of Center City Philadelphia, H.O. Even though Black residents fought gentrificationforming an anti-displacement group that demanded low-income housing optionstheir efforts were largely unsuccessful. In the 2000s, the effects of gentrification began to spill over into other neighborhoods adjacent to Center City. West Philadelphia has been called many names over the years. Many uprooted residents resettled elsewhere in the citysome moving to adjoining neighborhoods still awaiting rehabilitation, some following cheaper rents to inner-ring suburbs. Connecting the Past with the Present, Building Community, Creating a Legacy. In the ensuing decades, Society Hill became a touchstone for supporters and detractors of gentrification. CamdenAftertheFall: Decline and Renewal in a Post-Industrial City. The movement that disrupted this event has become one of the most dynamic forces in Philadelphia in recent months. While there are many other residents and organizers involved in the coalition at this pointincluding over 50 organizations listed as allies on their websiteAlexander and Johnson represent a core aspect of the struggle: a tight relationship between militant housing activists and fiercely committed residents fighting for their community and for the ability to defend their homes from the profiteering motive of the property owner. Their city had just bombed its own people. For the first of three mapping layers, the city's Bureau of Planning and Sustainability (BPS) used . Students started another encampment at Penn, demanding the university divest from fossil fuels, stop the eviction of Townhomes residents, and make payments in lieu of taxes (PILOTS) to the school district. Long-time residents resented the intrusion on their tight-knit ethnic communities. By 1933, Wilbur & Sons chocolate business had outgrown the facility and the building changed ownership and remained underutilized until an investment company purchased the property in 1986. Get 34th Street's newsletter, The Toast, delivered to your inbox every Sunday morning. The area around Temple University in North Philadelphia also witnessed rapid changes. Architect I.M. Dr. Walter Palmer, a native of the Black Bottom and lecturer at the Penn Graduate School of Social Policy and Practice, went away to law school in the late 1960s. Many hundreds of enterprising individuals did just that. Hundreds of crumbling row houses were renovatedfirst by urban homesteaders, then by enterprising developers. We had a lot of senior citizens and a lot of people with disabilities who just dont have anybody to advocate for them, said Alexander. Disinvestment only intensified after the financial crisis of 2008, as banks tightened up loan requirements and refused to extend credit to the most blighted areas. Even as Philadelphia experienced deindustrialization and decline in the 1970s, a handful of neighborhoods began to experience a phenomenon known as gentrificationa process where affluent individuals settled in lower-income areas. Inscription. Gentrification had become a policy problem necessitating a public response. Ethnic businesseskosher wine merchants, haberdasheries, and furrierswere reincarnated as vegetarian restaurants, feminist bookstores, and hip clothing boutiques. Using an income-based definition of gentrification, only 15 of Philadelphia's 372 residential census tracts were found to have gentrified from 2000 to 2014. For years, the extant Black, Polish, and Jewish communities had mobilized to thwart the plan. The city had the power to seize land under eminent domainwhich allowed them to dice the community with the aim of making West Philly a satisfactory residential community and helping it to fulfill its potential as a center of private research.. Gentrification could not occur without the initial separation of Greater Philadelphia's residents by class, race, and country of origin. Yet by the turn of the twenty-first century, things were changing rapidly in DuBois Seventh Ward. Yet even in the midst of this apparent nadir, there were glimmers of hope. Urban renewal since 1949 Neighborhood improvement in Philadelphia has been the result of two factors: formal government projects and informal redevelopment in the form of gentrification. Other gentrifying cities experimented with inclusionary zoning, which ensured new projects would include a percentage of affordable units. West Philadelphia's population shifted from majority-white to majority-black between 1950 and 1960. Not long ago, dilapidated warehouses, abandoned . Protect Squirrel Hill, a coalition of neighbors in the Squirrel Hill area of West Philadelphia, rallied April 3 against a proposed luxury apartment building. Creating its first maps of gentrification in 2013, Portland was one of the first U.S. cities to use data visualizations in order to better understand neighborhood change and displacement. Many. In 2020, Philadelphia Housing Action was part of the core of another dynamic housing struggle in the city. At 78.5 percent African American in 1990, the neighborhood was less than one-third Black by 2014. Phyllis Dennis (C 76), then a PVDA employee, recalls the meeting, saying that Penns representatives brought in a massive map covered in blue and red pins, which represented planned university development both on and offcampus. Like many Philadelphia neighborhoods that experienced a middle-class influx, rising rents and tax assessments made life increasingly difficult for poorer residents. Phil Tedros (C 20) lived in the Southwest Philly neighborhood of Eastwick prior to coming to Penn. The gentrification of drug blocks specifically, as opposed to all gentrifying blocks in Philadelphia, accounted for roughly 2,400 additional shootings during the 10 years of his study. Penns status as the largest employer in Philadelphia, its large endowment and the socioeconomic position of its students and staff complicates its existence in West Philadelphia. 2. West Philadelphia's total population was 301,830, with blacks numbering 158,176; whites, 142,368. She spent most of her young life in a house on 43rd Street and Larchwood Avenue and attended the Penn Alexander School. The concept of gentrification is a muddled one. In July 2021, the owner, IBID Associates LP, announced they would allow their contract with HUD to expire and their intent to sell the property. Spring Gardenwith its attractive housing stock and proximity to Center Citybegan to experience gentrification by the mid-1970s. The encampment also received support from organizations like Labor for Black Lives, which pulled together several local union chapters to demand Mayor Jim Kenney and city leaders preserve the Townhomes. Its now down to 42,000. Tang additionally suggested that state interventions needed to deal with displacement, because gentrification has been driven by the deregulation of the housing market. During the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries, newly built suburbs outside of Center City intensified these divisions. Universities and hospitals, which could not move their operations out of the city, fueled this growth. The Black Bottom is a historically Black community . Nobody had gotten vouchers; nobody was really able to get in contact with the relocation specialist. However, due to political and financial disagreements, Bacons vision was never realized. "West Philly is the new Africa," one resident warned at a community meeting. From the Feds press release: the losses were especially acute in University City. Ira, explains it as, West Philadelphia experiences [loss of affordable housing] to a much greater extent because home values appreciate so much faster than income.. At the same time, other historical features were sacrificed in the name of development. National faith leader Bishop William J. Barber II led an interfaith rally at the Townhomes days later, offering to move into the Townhomes to put more pressure on the owner and the city if necessary. Sign up for our newsletter to get updates that make you think and actdirectly to your inbox. . Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Housing and Community Affairs Collections, Urban Archives, Philadelphia City Planning Commission and Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority papers, Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram, Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Philadelphia, the Place that Loves You Back, Without Pa. help, Philly gentrification relief could have unintended results (WHYY, April 15, 2013), Gentrification property tax relief- for whom? While Temples administration tried to encourage better relations between students and residents, it did little to discourage the spread of private development around its campus. This resurgence was fueled by a demographic upheaval which found baby boomers, new immigrants, and young college graduates choosing cities over suburbs. The comments are hilarious as they're self aware . This article was originally published at Prism. New York: Routledge, 1996. Gentrification has been rapidly encroaching upon low-income Black communities nationwide, and has been running rampant in North Philadelphia for the past 15 years. But as she saw how the situation impacted more vulnerable people in the Townhomes, Alexander decided to get involved. In the same period, tax credits helped spur commercial revivals in other historic neighborhoods. As the city transitioned towards a post-industrial economy in the ensuing decades, neighborhood revival became a key focus for municipal government. In 1960, the black and white shares were 52.4% and 47.2%, respectively. Housing activists and residents fight gentrification in West Philadelphia. She is the Highbrow Editor for 34th Street. Philadelphia did not become the international stage as Bacon had hoped. Census data, when adjusted for inflation, indicates a massive jump in Philadelphia property valuesan average increase 213% since 2000. In buying up properties in the Black Bottom en masse and then having landlords evict longtime residents, they made space for the nowprimarily commercial development on Market Street. From 1970 to 1990, Philadelphia lost over 18 percent of its remaining residents, its population falling to nearly a half a million people below its postwar peak. How do students pop this proverbial bubble? But for many students residing in the Penn Bubble, community issues take a backseat. For many Philadelphians, the 60s and 70s made evident Penns active role in spreading gentrification outward from campus. The land finally came under redevelopment after the Toll Brothers purchased the land in 2013 to construct condominiums. By the early 2000s, it boasted scores of infill projects and row-house rehabilitations. South Street, its once-bustling commercial thoroughfare, lost customers to suburban shopping malls. Residential gentrification soon followed the growth in commercial activity. Its a tradition that continues to this day. As part of the construction process, thirty-one acres of houses and commercial buildings were razed to provide enough space for the redevelopment project, forcing hundreds of individuals and merchants to relocate. Black Citymakers: How The Philadelphia Negro Changed Urban America. During the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries, newly built suburbs outside of Center City intensified these divisions. It succeeded in upgrading real estate values but also faced criticism from long-established residents. Smith, Neil. West Philly gentrification means upheaval for these longtime residents. Economic Insights While gentrification's effects are widely studied and debated, less attention is paid to what drives gentrification itself. I think for now Eastwicks outside of [Penns] reach, Phil said wryly. He recalls that, before much of the neighborhood was displaced, there were around 5,000 residents who cared about each other. Many of the Bottoms residents have gathered for a reunion in Fairmount Park every year since the mid1970s. The signs of gentrification can be spotted throughout Philadelphia neighborhoods like Brewerytown, Kensington and West Philadelphia, among others. Business owners constructed warehouses along Dock Creek in the late 1600s so ships could unload food, materials, and other products efficiently. These actions lasted for months and were eventually settled through an agreement by Philadelphia Housing Authority and the City of Philadelphia to hand over 50 vacant publicly owned houses to a community land trust. Today West Philadelphia bears one particular descriptor: gentrified. Artist Isaiah Zagar covered dozens of drab brick walls in the neighborhood with his kaleidoscopic mirror-flecked murals. The students have been moved into a new building at 4901 Chestnut. The community is worth fighting for. Davids added. Many native West Philadelphians declare, often on bumper stickers: This is West Philly. Churches and synagogues, relics of the neighborhoods immigrant past, were converted to market-rate lofts. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel started on a pattern of. Its exhausting work. WHYY story by Katie Colaneri. ofGreaterPhiladelphia. In a plan for a safer, vibrant 52nd Street, worried West Philly neighbors see gentrification looming Angst is roiling minority neighborhoods as they struggle to balance the opportunities and the threats created by gentrification. It all comes down, in the end, to money. With the passage of the 1981 Economic Recovery Tax Act, developers could enjoy up to a 25 percent tax credit on the cost of rehabilitating certified historic structures. By 1980, the University of Pennsylvania was the citys largest private employer. He described how he was able to find his way as a young immigrant from Jamaica decades ago thanks to the ease of access, and painted a picture of the organic security. Townhomes residents have been able to provide for the communitys children. Housing activists, university students, and residents have staged protests and encampments to defend low-income housing in UC Townhomes, PHILADELPHIA, PA - APRIL 30: Protestors march over the death of Freddie Gray on April 30, 2015 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Some residents and leaders in Philadelphia are upset - the University of Pennsylvania's investments in policing and a local school have made parts of the city . Tax inducements helped make the renovation of older buildings economically feasible. Universities also continued to play an outsized role in the transformation of their surrounding neighborhoods. At the peak of the housing bubble in 2008, the 19140 ZIP Code, which contains roughly Hunting Park and Nicetown-Tioga . Days after the protest at Penn, a large group of residents, organizers, and protesters caught the Building Industry Association of Philadelphia (BIA) by surprise. As these anchor institutions continued to attract thousands of young, highly-educated residents to Philadelphia, previously disinvested neighborhoodsfrom Spruce Hill, near the University of Pennsylvania,and Washington Square West, which adjoined Jefferson and Pennsylvania Hospitalssaw increases in population and property values. Penn still plans to continue building north of Market and west of 43rd. By 2010, only about 5 percent of Queen Village residents were African American. When he returned to the house where his mother and stepfather lived on 3643 Market Street, the neighborhood had changed. Thats typical for a gentrifying city. As more creative class consumers moved to the neighborhood, they were followed by cafes and bars that catered to their bohemian tastes. Her father, David Comberg, teaches in the School of Design at Penn, but the family initially moved to the area for his job at UArts. He envisioned a redevelopment of the citys waterfronts, a midway closed to automobiles on Chestnut Street, and a tram that would take visitors over the Schuylkill River into Fairmount Park, site of the successful 1876 Centennial. Across the Delaware River, Camden, New Jersey, still awaited significant revitalization. You can get a sandwich and a bag of chips for three dollars.. Developers met the demand, refashioning old factories into spacious lofts. Context: IBID Associates, the owner of the 70-unit complex at 3990 Market St., didn't renew its affordable housing contract with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, which expires July 2022. Southwark, located just south of Society Hill, was transformed into a middle-class district by the efforts of individual homesteaders and, later, real estate developers. The resident-led struggle to defend these homes has galvanized people in Philadelphia around the defense of housing for Black, Brown, working-class, poor, elderly, and disabled residents. The Dock Street market diminished in size after World War II as competition from other markets and changes in distribution forced some merchants to move elsewhere. The area where the UC Townhomes sit used to be known as Black Bottom, a neighborhood of largely working class and working poor African American residents, who were displaced through eminent domain to create UCSC and University City High School, as John L. Puckett, professor emeritus of education at the University of Pennsylvania, writes. Its legacy as an epicenter of immigrant and African American life lent the area a desirable gloss of authenticitya dash of real folk in the city. Living in East Mount Airy offers residents an urban suburban mix feel and most residents own their homes. Green Gentrification in South Philly. The thing that we wont have is you evicting dozens of, hundreds of elderly Black people and putting them on the street and possibly leading to their early deaths. But back in February, he got a letter from the property managers telling him and other tenants in the 231-unit building they . Penns Civic House sponsored an urban studies class (URBS 178) on universitycommunity relations that addresses the schools difficult history with its surroundings. Eastwick is, as he says, super residential, replete with rowhomes and momandpop shops. By August 4, 2016. That's typical for a gentrifying city. This house on the corner of Second and Lombard Streets used building materials typically used in adjacent row houses, such as brick and concrete, but applied a modernist design to give the building its distinctive look. Using those criteria, Nicetown has taken steps forward in the last five years. For the most part, Penn is now a good steward of the neighborhoods it inhabits, he explains. 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