[410], The cuisine of Hawaii is a fusion of many foods brought by immigrants to the Hawaiian Islands, including the earliest Polynesians and native Hawaiians, and American, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Polynesian, and Portuguese origins. [431] Sculpture in Oceania first appears on New Guinea as a series of stone figures found throughout the island, but mostly in mountainous highlands. [210], In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirs, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Lus Vaz de Torres. [56][57] The Australian Plate includes Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Vanuatu, and parts of New Zealand. Australia and New Zealand have diversifiedeconomies, with a strong presence in the area of services and the primary sector (production), since between the two countries they account for 40% of the worlds sheep. In this book, he included the Aleutian Islands, the Galpagos Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Kuril Islands and continental islands off the coast of the Americas such as the Channel Islands, the Farallon Islands and Vancouver Island;[141] all of these islands lie in or close to the Pacific Ring of Fire, as is the case with New Guinea and New Zealand, which were also included. PRB's World Population Data Sheet is an excellent reference and data analysis tool. As with other Polynesian cultures (Hawaiian, Tahitian and Mori) with significant and unique tattoos, Samoans have two gender specific and culturally significant tattoos. The above content published atCollaborative Research Groupis for informational and educational purposes onlyand has been developed by referringreliable sources and recommendations from experts. [208] Moreover, a recent study which included radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material suggests that the island was discovered and settled as recently as 1200.[209]. The smallest Pacific nations rely on trade with Australia, New Zealand and the United States for exporting goods and for accessing other products. Earthquakes are common, though usually not severe, averaging 3,000 per year. [266] Birds breeding on Pitcairn include the fairy tern, common noddy, and red-tailed tropicbird. "[46] Some geographers group the Australian tectonic plate with others in the Pacific to form a geological continent. Meanwhile, New Zealand has hosted the Commonwealth Games three times: Auckland 1950, Christchurch 1974 and Auckland 1990. [288] A few islands in the northwest, such as Guam, are susceptible to typhoons in the wet season. [419] New Zealand yields produce from land and sea most crops and livestock, such as maize, potatoes and pigs, were gradually introduced by the early European settlers. OCEANIA BRITANNICA POVERTY IN OCEANIA Poverty in Australia [Analysis & Poverty Observatory, 2020] With data compiled from 2018 has shown that 3 million people or 13.2% of Australia's population is in poverty. Oceania. There is also a presence of the Orthodox Church,Buddhism,Islamand the Hindi religion, especially in Fiji. Lista de correio - Ver mais. [342][343], The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the largest stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific. Subregions in Oceania. With a population of about 32 million, Oceania is a predominantly urban region. The Mori people constitute one of the major cultures of Polynesia. "[119] In a 1980 report on venereal diseases in the South Pacific, the British Journal of Venereal Diseases categorized the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands as being in an eastern region of the South Pacific, along with areas such as Pitcairn Islands and French Polynesia, but noted that the Galpagos Islands were not a member of the South Pacific Commission, like other islands in the South Pacific. APT Satellite is a leading satellite operator in Asia-Pacific. "[100] Ross further wrote, "and to this vast region the term Oceania has been applied. [145][146] In their 2019 book Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi wrote that, "the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and most of Indonesia are not usually considered to be part of the region of Oceania as it is understood today. Britain also established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire. Pirmides Populacionais: Oceania - 2041. [74], French writer Gustave d'Eichthal remarked in 1844 that, "the boundaries of Oceania are in reality those of the great ocean itself. The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. [218] On 24 September 1853, under orders from Napoleon III, Admiral Febvrier Despointes took formal possession of New Caledonia and Port-de-France (Nouma) was founded 25 June 1854. [290] The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oceania was 25.6C (14.1F), at Ranfurly in Otago in 1903, with a more recent temperature of 21.6C (6.9F) recorded in 1995 in nearby Ophir. Approximately half of the population on these islands are European Australian mainlanders (with smaller numbers being European New Zealanders), while the other half are immigrants from China or the nearby Malay archipelago. Oceania is a region of migrants: there were an estimated 9.1 million migrants amongst the region's 41.8 million people as of mid-year 2020 ( UN DESA, 2020 ). It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia.[1]. Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Modern-day Indigenous Australians are loosely related to Melanesians,[161][162] and Australia maintains political influence over Melanesia,[159] which is mostly located on the same tectonic plate. In 2005, the World Bank praised New Zealand as the most business-friendly country in the world. [408], The music of Hawaii includes traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. [328][329][330], European migration to New Zealand provided a major influx following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. The islands are continental crust fragments thrusted away from Australia, caused by breakup of the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. [53][54] In a 1991 article for the Submerged Resources Center, American archeologist Toni L. Carrell wrote, "the immensity of and great distances within the Pacific Basin often make it difficult to conceptualize the basin as a single earth feature." Today the continenthas a series of independent countries, some of them since the 19th century (the British colonies, above all) and others much later, in the mid-20th century. Native languages of Oceania fall into three major geographic groups: Colonial languages include English in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, and many other territories; French in New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna; Japanese in the Bonin Islands;[64] and Spanish on Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands. Unable to find the right winds, it was forced to return to the East Indies. In 1946, Polynesians were granted French citizenship and the islands' status was changed to an overseas territory; the islands' name was changed in 1957 to Polynsie Franaise (French Polynesia). This is a list of the populations of the sovereign states and dependent territories in the geopolitical region of Oceania. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand". Australian forces attacked German New Guinea in September 1914. Planet Sport p. 85, Kath Woodward 2012, Australia p. 101, Sundran Rajendra 2002, New Zealand p. 76, Rebecca Hirsch 2013, Boundaries between the continents of Earth, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, International Union for Conservation of Nature, History of the Federated States of Micronesia, Military history of Australia during World War I, Military history of Australia during World War II, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania, Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100", "United Nations Statistics Division National Accounts", "Oceania: Population, Characteristics, Economy And Religions", "Australia: World Audit Democracy Profile", "Kiribati: 2011 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report, Informational Annexes, Debt Sustainability Analysis, Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion, and Statement by the Executive Director for Kiribati", "2011 Human Development Report: Pacific Islands' progress jeopardized by inequalities and environmental threats", "Secret Instructions to Captain Cook, 30 June 1768", "Oceania | Definition, Population, & Facts | Britannica", "Unprecedented study of Aboriginal Australians points to one shared Out of Africa migration for modern humans", "Taiwan - Sports and recreation | Britannica", The world as it is now: a series of geographical readers Part 1 By Thomas Higman, 1884, P.38, Daily Consular and Trade Reports 1928, P.532, Mineral Resources of the United States Part 1 By United States, Bureau of Mines, 1922, P.46a, Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997), "Australia is a Pacific island it has a responsibility", "Rudd on avoiding war and Australia's big policy failure in the Pacific", "Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography", "Martin Clunes' ultimate guide to the Pacific islands", "Environmental history of the Pacific Islands: a Bibliography |", "POLICY BRIEF: The Pacific: Transition & Uncertainty", "Micronesia: Submerged Cultural Resources Assessment", "A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World", "Tourist attractions in Easter Island & Robinson Crusoe", "Countries or areas / geographical regions", https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/tl/tl-nr-04-en.pdf, "Preliminary checklist of the naturalised and pest plants of Timor-Leste", "Australia and Oceania - The World Factbook", "How the Pacific Islands Forum Fell Apart", ".hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22included+in+oceania%22&pg=RA2-PA95&printsec=frontcover Archived, "Diversity of drosophilid flies on Kume-jima, a subtropical island: comparison with diversity on Iriomote-jima", "Philippines islands to reunite with mainland Asia", "ryukyu islands japan: Topics by Science.gov", "Naturally occurring Bacillus thuringiensis in oceanic islands of Japan, Daito-shoto and Ogasawara-shoto", "Marine Biodiversity in Juan Fernndez and Desventuradas Islands, Chile: Global Endemism Hotspots", "Shore Fishes of Easter Island, John E. Randall & Alfredo Cea Egaa", "Venereal diseases in the islands of the South Pacific", "The Austronesians: Historical and comparative perspectives", "Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia", "Indian National Football Team: Know Your Rivals - Chinese Taipei", "Tectonics of the East Pacific | Hurtigruten Expeditions", "1963 Kuril Islands earthquake of 8.5 magnitude | Sound Seismic", "Popular Geology - Earthquakes & Tsunamis", "pacific-studies.eu: Clipperton Island (France) | The World Factbook", "Clipperton Island | island, Pacific Ocean | Britannica", "Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll", "Sponges from Clipperton Island, East Pacific", "Was Marcus Island Discovered by Bernardo de la Torre in 1543? [66] He divided Oceania into two subregions; Eastern Oceania, which included the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, and Southwestern Oceania, which included Australia and New Zealand. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. The use and scope of this term varies. "[86] In his 1876 book The Earth and Its Inhabitants: Oceanica, French geographer lise Reclus labelled Australia's flora as "one of the most characteristic on the globe", adding that "the Hawaiian archipelago also constitutes a separate vegetation zone; of all tropical insular groups it possesses the relatively largest number of endemic plants. [38] American geographer Sophia S. Cornell claimed that the Aleutian Islands were not part of Oceania in 1857. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the big islands simply to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. Other Austronesian areas such as Indonesia and the Philippines were not included, due to their closer cultural proximity to mainland Asia. Establishing a chronological timeframe for these pieces in most cases is difficult, but one has been dated to c. 1500 BCE. [334] Chinese workers on Western trading ships settled in Hawaii starting in 1789. Australia's per-capita GDP is higher than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. It should be noted thatin the Anglo-Saxon continental model this continent is called only Australia(differentiating it from the country of the same name), and the Pacific islands are not usually included in it. Japan's Bonin and Ryukyu Islands are also considered to be subtropical islands, with the main Japanese archipelago being non-tropical. [117] The International Union for Conservation of Nature stated in a 1986 report that they include Easter Island in their definition of Oceania "on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart", further noting that other oceanic islands administered by Latin American countries had been included in definitions of Oceania. These divisions [are] generally themselves spoken as continents, and to them has been added another, embracing the large island of Australia and numerous others in the [Pacific] Ocean, under the name of Oceania. Some geographers group the Australian tectonic plate with others in the wet season tern. Has been developed by referringreliable sources and recommendations from experts continental crust fragments thrusted away from Australia, Guinea..., Canada, Germany, and Polynesia cultures of Polynesia UN designation for this subregion ``. 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