It took eight years of work and sacrifice, including the loss of three astronauts in a fire aboard Apollo 1, but President Kennedys goal was finally achieved on July 20, 1969 when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to walk on the Moon as part of the Apollo 11 mission. "[69][70], In April 1962, the State Department issued new guidelines on Iraq that were intended to increase American influence in the country. Tempting All the Gods is a detailed study of Joseph P. Kennedy's diplomatic career in London. [18] He gave the Pentagon a global reach, with 275 major bases in 31 countries, with 1.2 million personnel stationed there. Between 1960 and 1963, twenty-four countries gained independence as the process of decolonization continued. At the same time, Kennedy briefly dispatched a U.S. Navy task force to Bahrain, and the U.K. (at the urging of the Kennedy administration) brought the dispute to United Nations Security Council, where the proposed resolution was vetoed by the Soviet Union. Why does Vice President Johnson think the US should devote significant resources to boost American achievement in space? Following the outburst of the North Yemen Civil War Kennedy, fearing that it would lead to a larger conflict between Egypt and Saudi Arabia (which might involve the United States as Saudi ally), decided to recognize the revolutionary regime. [152] Kennedy also hoped to minimize Soviet influence in Egypt through good relations with President Gamal Abdel Nasser, but Nasser's hostility towards Saudi Arabia and Jordan closed off the possibility of closer relations. [111] "Operation Ranch Hand", a large-scale aerial defoliation effort, began on the roadsides of South Vietnam. Kennedy was killed by one man who had worked alone. [46], As a result of the Berlin crisis, Kennedy's government faced a dramatic increase in the defense budget. They wanted programs that were altruistic, and benevolentand also tough, energetic, and determined. Inaugural Address of President John F. Kennedy. [163] The Republic of the Congo was given its independence from Belgian colonial rule on June 30, 1960, but quickly fell into chaos five days later when the army mutinied. The package would include provisions for access to public facilities, voting rights, and technical and monetary support for school desegregation. One month to the day after the Nov. 22, 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, Truman called for the . They found him suitable for release last time and nothing has changed, Berry said. It helped avoid a nuclear holocaust, since the nuclear confrontation was not then a stable balance of terror, but rather a highly unstable situation that was prone to accidents, misjudgements and escalating disaster. Releases, Administrative He was a Republican and was in office between 1923-1929. "The problem is, of all of them, this is one I can't debunk," he laughs. JFK was president at the height of the Cold War, and foreign policy initiatives and crisis often dominated . Harry S. Truman (1884 - 1972) served as the 33rd President of the United States from April, 1945 to January, 1953.Under the presidency of Truman, the United States engaged in an internationalist foreign policy, a departure from its policy of isolationism.His tenure as President was dominated by the Cold War in which he adopted a tactics of containment of Soviet expansion. ", David S. Busch, "Service Learning: The Peace Corps, American Higher Education, and the Limits of Modernist Ideas of Development and Citizenship.". International Affairs 89#.6 (2013): 1389-1409. Cull, Nicholas J. Despite Constitutional assurances to the contrary, African Americans were treated as second class citizens. BREAKING NEWS: Man, 40, is in FBI custody after TSA found an explosive device hidden in the lining of his checked bag as it was being loaded onto an Allegiant flight from Pennsylvania to Florida Kennedy noted that "it seem[ed] particularly stupid to risk killing millions of Americans because Germans want[ed] Germany to be reunified". [101] In May, he dispatched Lyndon Johnson to meet with South Vietnam's President Ngo Dinh Diem. During Nixon's first term, it could be said that: A. the nation was completely at peace again. The crisis was defused largely through a backchannel communication the Kennedy administration had set up with Soviet spy Georgi Bolshakov. Furthermore, Kennedy thought that Eisenhower and Secretaries Dulles and Congress has more public support domestically and less internationally than the President. However powerful business groups, especially chemicals, steel, machine tools, and electronics. Find an answer to your question Which of the following was kennedy's main domestic policy achievement. Americans were more determined than ever to spread democracy. [106] By the end of 1961 the American advisers in Vietnam numbered 3,205[104] and that number increased from 11,000 in 1962 to 16,000 by late 1963, but Kennedy was reluctant to order a full-scale deployment of troops. C. he was generally more successful with domestic policy than with foreign policy. Nonetheless, he did not believe that it would be feasible to change something either in divided Europe or in the Far East. Their foreign policies both included strong military support . [133][134] Such an action would have been a policy reversal, but Kennedy was publicly moving in a less hawkish direction since his speech about world peace at American University on June 10, 1963. The Democrats held a narrow majority in Congress, and many of the Democratic seats were held by Southerners who opposed civil rights legislation. "The Kennedy Administration and the Battle over Foreign Aid: The Untold Story of the Clay Committee. [112] By the end of 1962, 109 American military personnel had been killed compared to 14 the previous year. Sirhan originally was sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to life when the California Supreme Court briefly outlawed capital punishment in 1972. In any event, Vietnam would soon be someone else's problem. [51] Beginning in 1963, Kennedy allowed the sale to Israel of advanced US weaponry (the MIM-23 Hawk), as well as to provide diplomatic support for Israeli policies which were opposed by Arab neighbours, such as its water project on the Jordan River. John F. Kennedy was the United State 35th President.. [43] Jacqueline, who in turn spoke fluent French, intrigued the French press, which called her the "queen".[43]. Gross Domestic Product - GDP: Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. Information, United States Department of The Act outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, required equal access to public places and employment, and enforced desegregation of schools and the right to vote. But the two superpowers continually antagonized each other through political maneuvering, military coalitions, espionage, propaganda, arms buildups, economic aid, and proxy wars between other nations. Our prestige in the world is tied to technological accomplishments. Kennedy pushed civil rights on many fronts. When working with WordPress, 404 Page Not Found errors can often occur when a new theme has been activated or when the rewrite rules in the .htaccess file have been altered. The president needed the white Southern vote to win reelection in 1964. The Ohio State University, 1989), Walton, Jennifer Lynn. By that time, the fifteen Jupiter missiles were considered obsolete and had been supplanted by missile-equipped US Navy Polaris subs. Michael Dunne,"Kennedy's Alliance for Progress: countering revolution in Latin America Part II: the historiographical record." However, there is general scholarly agreement that his presidency was successful on a number of lesser issues. Massachusetts Framework - English Language Arts, Massachusetts Framework - History and Social Science, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Download this lesson plan, including handouts, as a PDF, April 12, 1961 telegram from President Kennedy to Nikita Khrushchev, April 20, 1961 memo from President Kennedy to Vice President Johnson, April 28, 1961 memo from Vice President Johnson to President Kennedy. nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, California Gov. B. Quindlen focuses on immigration in an earlier time period than Kennedy does. The next day Kennedy and Khrushchev struck a deal: the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for the United States' noninvasion pledge and the dismantlement of US PGM-19 Jupiter missiles based in Italy and Turkey. Washington, D.C. January 20, 1961. On August 21, just as the new U.S. The ruling split the Kennedy family, with RFKs widow, Ethel Kennedy, and several of Kennedys nine surviving children opposing his parole. Wall. Why do you think Seamus Heaney might have chosen this rhyme scheme for a poem about a couples relationship Before leaving for Dallas, Kennedy told Michael Forrestal that "after the first of the year [he wanted] an in depth study of every possible option, including how to get out of there to review this whole thing from the bottom to the top." "The Bowl of Jelly: The US Department of State during the Kennedy and Johnson Years, 19611968.". Courtesy: Library of Congress, James Meredith at the University of Mississippi at Oxford, Courtesy: Library of Congress, Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! By William E. Leuchtenburg. [103] In October of the same year Kennedy dispatched General Maxwell D. Taylor and Walt Rostow to South Vietnam to study the situation there. testing. [37], The NATO alliance was the main link to Europe. ", Selverstone, Marc J. They believed America had a duty, as the most modern country in the world, to promulgate this ideal to the poor nations of the Third World. Beyond these two great issues of the day, JFK created the Peace Corps, initiated the "space race" which put a man on the moon in 1969, advocated on mental health issues, and worked with Congress on affordable housing, equal pay for women, and a host of other agendas. explain the Kennedy Administrations arguments for putting a human on the Moon by the end of the 1960s. In a letter to Harold Macmillan, Kennedy wrote: "After careful review of the problem, I have to come to the conclusion that it would be undesirable to assist France's efforts to create a nuclear weapons capability". To achieve this end, Congress appropriated the funding for NASAs Apollo lunar landing program. ", "Tass Distorts Version of Kennedy Interview", https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2018.1550077, "Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (Rountree) to Secretary of State Dulles: Recognition of New Iraqi Government", "Briefing Notes by Director of Central Intelligence Dulles", "Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Iraq", "Telegram From the Embassy in Iraq to the Department of State", "Memorandum From Robert W. Komer of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy)", "Oil Sovereignty, American Foreign Policy, and the 1968 Coups in Iraq", "Memorandum From Stephen O. Fuqua of the Bureau of International Security Affairs, Department of Defense, to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (Sloan)", "The End of the Concessionary Regime: Oil and American Power in Iraq, 1958-1972", "JFK in the Senate by John T. Shaw:Books in Review", "Vietnam War Allied Troop Levels 196073", "National Security Action Memorandum # 263", "Marking the 50th Anniversary of JFK's Speech on Campus", "Generations Divide Over Military Action in Iraq", "National Security Action Memorandum Number 273", "Joseph C. Satterthwaite, recorded interview", "The Congo, Decolonization, and the Cold War, 19601965", Video of Kennedy's trip to Mexico in 1962 and Costa Rica in 1963, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_policy_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_administration&oldid=1139711402, Angelo, Anne-Marie, and Tom Adam Davies. [116], Cable 243 (DEPTEL 243), dated August 24, followed, declaring Washington would no longer tolerate Nhu's actions, and Lodge was ordered to pressure Diem to remove Nhu. In such cases, these reports are [156] The Peace Corps grew to 5,000 members by March 1963 and 10,000 the following year. The Kennedy-Nixon debates not only had a major impact on the election's outcome, but ushered in a new era in which crafting a public image and taking advantage of media exposure became . On this day in 1960, John F. Kennedy delivered a famous speech to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association, a group of Protestant ministers, addressing the issue of his Catholic faith and its . The President's own reputation was built largely on his knowledge of world affairs, going back to his senior thesis at Harvard on British foreign policy in the 1930s. The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-65. Kennedy interpreted this step as a direct threat to the "free world". Furthermore, there was a nagging fear that the Soviet economic growth was catching up with the United States. How would you compare them with the events described in this chapter? Which of the following was kennedy's main domestic policy achievement. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the satellite Sputnik, and the "Space Race" was on. ", Richard Davis, "'Why Did the General Do It?' If a sentence is already correct, write CCC. was a fiasco. "The Little State Department: McGeorge Bundy and the National Security Council Staff, 196165. The subsequent Vienna summit was tainted by the Bay of Pigs Invasion. After World War II, the United States and its allies, and the Soviet Union and its satellite states began a decades-long struggle for supremacy known as the Cold War. ", Robert G. Lewis, "What Food Crisis? The execution of Kennedys foreign policy did not quite live up to the When you get a 404 error be sure to check the URL that you are attempting to use in your browser.This tells the server what resource it should attempt to request. the abbreviated name of the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, which prohibited all test detonations of nuclear weapons except for those conducted underground. In this lesson plan, students do a close reading of four primary sources related to the US space program in 1961, analyzing how and why public statements made by the White House regarding space may have differed from private statements made within the Kennedy Administration. The term was first coined during a 1964 commencement address by President Lyndon B. Johnson at the University of Michigan and came to represent his domestic agenda. For the first two years of his administration, Kennedy ignored the call. [159] The Kennedy administration believed that the British African colonies would soon achieve independence. . 1 See answer RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d 1. and cabinet meeting , August 5 , 1965. Cold War History 4.1 (2003): 23-48. (He got 49.7 percent to Nixon's 49.6 percent.) There was a growing degradation of trust in our government. Project Mercury's goals were to orbit a manned spacecraft around Earth, investigate the ability of astronauts to function in space, and recover astronauts and spacecraft safely. They promoted modernization models in order to reorient American aid to Asia, Africa and Latin America. foreign policy was marred by a string of failures. "The man who invented truth: The tenure of Edward R. Murrow as director of the United States Information Agency during the Kennedy years." [90] The new U.S. ambassador to Iraq, Robert C. Strong, informed al-Bakr of a Barzani peace proposal delivered to the U.S. consul in Tabriz on August 25; in response, al-Bakr "expressed astonishment" over American contacts with the Kurds, asking why the message had not been delivered through the Soviets. The easiest way to edit a .htaccess file for most people is through the File Manager in cPanel. The failed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 was an attempt to incite a popular uprising against Fidel Castro. The U.S. repeatedly refused Kurdish requests for assistance, but Qasim nevertheless castigated the Kurds as "American stooges" while absolving the Soviets of any responsibility for the unrest. Colman, Jonathan. On November 22, 1963, JFK and Jackie flew to Dallas, Texas, as part of a speech-making tour. Edit the file on your computer and upload it to the server via FTP. He strongly supported space exploration and the Civil Rights movement. "[74][75] The CIA had earlier penetrated a top-secret Iraqi-Soviet surface-to-air missile project, which yielded intelligence on the Soviet Union's ballistic missile program. "[138] Sorensen added that, in his opinion, Vietnam "was the only foreign policy problem handed off by JFK to his successor in no better, and possibly worse, shape than it was when he inherited it. [150] Kennedy considered the Congo Crisis to be one of the most important foreign policy issues facing his presidency, and he supported a UN operation that prevented the secession of the State of Katanga. [84][85] However, U.S. officials were worried that a renewal of conflict with the Kurds could threaten the Iraqi government's survival. Trump's selections for cabinet posts and . Students do a close reading of four primary sources related to the US Space Program in 1961, analyzing how and why public statements made by the White House regarding space may have differed from private statements made within the Kennedy administration. report beginning of the chapter. On September 25, 1961, Kennedy addressed the United Nations General Assembly, revealing his commitment to veto the Troyka plan. Unfortunately, since Kennedy had taken office, the world had seen the negative side of America -- intolerance and oppression. Early Years. The full disaster in Vietnam had not yet played out when they wrote. It was during the Kennedy administration that Alan Shepard became the first man to go into space and John Glenn as the first to orbit the Earth. Modernization theory supplied the design, rationale, and justification for these programs. In the summer of that year, he sought to wind down the confrontational mentality that dominated AmericanSoviet relations and to replace standard anticommunist rhetoric with a conciliatory one. Soviet Union in Berlin did not improve the situationinstead, the Soviets De Gaulle also rejected Kennedy's proposed Multilateral Force in favor of an independent nuclear weapons program.[39]. [162] The Congo Crisis was the most pressing. Monopoly is Americas favorite board game, a love letter to unbridled capitalism and our free market society. In this example the file must be in public_html/example/Example/. Status of the, Quarterly "[121] In meetings with McNamara, Taylor, and Lodge, Diem again refused to agree to governing measures, helping to dispel McNamara's previous optimism about Diem. In a 3 1/2-minute message played during a news conference held by Berry in September, Sirhan said he feels remorse every day for his actions. The result was peace diplomacy that led to his collaboration with Khrushchev that succeeded in pulling the superpowers back from the brink. 2. The nightsticks, the police dogs, and the fire hoses had revealed a glimpse of what America could become. While Barzani had released 1,500 Arab prisoners of war as a gesture of good faith, Iraqi Foreign Minister Talib El-Shibib told Melbourne on March 3 that the government was unwilling to consider any concessions beyond cultural autonomy and was prepared to use anti-Barzani Kurds and Arab tribes in northern Iraq to co-opt the Kurds' guerrilla methods. Johnsons assertion that the space program has propaganda value would not be a good way to sell the American people on something that would be economically burdensome. Either way, please contact your web host immediately. Cuban planes strafed the invaders, sank two escort ships, and destroyed half of the exile's air support. Born into a comfortable life, John's family was not particularly wealthy during his first few years. "[68] Following Komer's advice, on December 30 Kennedy's National Security Advisor McGeorge Bundy sent the President a cable from the U.S. [161], Of all of the Africa-related issues confronting Kennedy upon assuming the presidency, none were handled very well. In class, go over the answers to the homework questions, focusing on the public and private nature of the communications. For homework, have students read the following items and answer the accompanying questions in Handout A. April 12, 1961 telegram from President Kennedy to Premier Khrushchev. According to Nigerian diplomat Samuel Ibe, "with Kennedy there were sparks"; the Prime Minister of Sudan Ibrahim Abboud, cherishing a hunting rifle Kennedy gave him, expressed the wish to go out on safari with Kennedy. . His chief reason was Britain's deal with the U.S. through NATO involving Polaris nuclear missile technology. often published online instead of or in "Eternal Flaming: The Historiography of Kennedy Foreign Policy,", Sergunin, Alexander. It was implemented in early 1962 and involved some forced relocation, village internment, and segregation of rural South Vietnamese into new communities where the peasantry would be isolated from Communist insurgents. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. Kennedys overall record was a mixed bag of success and failure. One of them, titled "Scope Paper", indicated that Khrushchev would "undoubtedly press hard his position on Berlin and a peace treaty with East Germany". Change the settings back to the previous configuration (before you selected Default). Nevertheless, Kennedy pressed for the passage of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, which gave the president authority to decrease duties up to 50% from their 1962 levels or increase them up to 50% from their 1934 levels. C. Douglas Dillon, a Republican who had served as Eisenhower's Undersecretary of State was named Secretary of the Treasury. We need to allocate more resources towards the space program as soon as possible. Khrushchev proposed to amend the United Nations Charter by replacing the position of Secretary-General with a three-person executive called the Troyka (Russian: "group of three"). [167] In fact, Kennedy wasn't even aware Lumumba had been killed until 13 February. The methods included advancing industrialization, increasing their exports and diversifying the products exported, reducing trade barriers between Latin American countries, and improving their communications systems. Department, Buildings of the twice Britain's "Journalist of the Year", was following Kennedy into the kitchen and reported shots after Sirhan was restrained, confirming, in a 2008 interview, "there was another . Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. arrived, Diem and his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu ordered South Vietnam forces, funded and trained by the CIA, to quell Buddhist demonstrations. Split students into groups of 3-4, providing each group with Vice President Johnsons April 28, 1961 memo to President Kennedy. If this incident embarrassed the Kennedy administration, it did little to alter the president's approach to civil rights. [147] Kennedy's sanguine welcome stood in sharp contrast to then-Vice President Richard Nixon's Latin America tour of May 1958. Gavin Newson rejected the decision in 2022, Last witnesses in Murdaugh case before jury sees crime scene, China dismisses FBI statement on COVID-19 lab leak theory, Ukraine official says military may pull back from Bakhmut, California board denies parole for Robert F. Kennedy assassin Sirhan Sirhan, New biotech can 3D print living cells inside the human body, Ukraine will join NATO but in 'long- term', says NATO chief Stoltenberg, Finland begins building fence along Russia border. This will reset the permalinks and fix the issue in many cases. Martin Luther King. He ordered his attorney general to submit friends of the court briefs on behalf of civil rights litigants. Kennedy believed communism could be thwarted by economic modernization through the Alliance for Progress. The case is ongoing, and Berry said it was unclear how Wednesday's denial by the board will affect it. The Kennedy-Nixon debates not only had a major impact on the election's outcome, but ushered in a new era in which crafting a public image and taking advantage of media exposure became essential ingredients of a successful political campaign. With the nation still reeling from the assassination of King, on June 5th Robert Kennedy was shot on the campaign trail. His willingness to negotiate with Khrushchev smoothed the Berlin crisis, and Kennedy's personal diplomacy earned him the respect of Third World leaders.[188]. The United Kingdom accepted the offer as the GAM-87 Skybolt would have ensured it a nuclear deterrent through most of the 1960s. // cutting the mustard [141][142], The main new Kennedy initiative was the Alliance for Progress. Both discuss the significant monetary costs of space exploration, but maintain it is necessary to start appropriating funds as soon as possible.]. If a sentence contains an error, revise the sentence. ", John F. Kennedy: "Speech by Senator John F. Kennedy, Zionists of America Convention, Statler Hilton Hotel, New York, NY," August 26, 1960, Brandon Wolfe-Hunnicutt, "Embracing Regime Change in Iraq: American Foreign Policy and the 1963 Coup d'tat in Baghdad. [48], Kennedy ordered 500 military men to travel on trucks through East Germany to West Berlin to ensure that the West preserved the land-link to the city. FDR's mandate as a first-term President was clear and challenging: rescue the United States from the throes of its worst depression in history. In July 1961, following months of violence between feuding Kurdish tribes, Barzani returned to northern Iraq and began retaking territory from his Kurdish rivals. . 1. According to historian Dallek, Kennedy used this TV interview and a second one on NBC to pressure Diem on government reforms and second, to suggest future US options. It was the first time Sirhans voice had been heard publicly since a televised parole hearing in 2011, before California barred audio or visual recordings of such proceedings. Shriver, not Kennedy, energetically lobbied Congress for approval. audience. Relations, World Wide Diplomatic Archives (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). Kennedy instructed Lodge to offer covert assistance to the coup, excluding assassination, and to ensure deniability by the U.S.[126] Later that month, as the coup became imminent, Kennedy ordered all cables to be routed through him. Famous quote "Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country". Sometimes, the indolent night watchman .. Insert semicolons where they are needed in the following sentence. [129] McGeorge Bundy drafted a National Security Action Memo to present to Kennedy upon his return from Dallas. } Diplomatic History 17.3 (1993): 447470. Nelson, Anna Kasten. In 1959 he chaired the new subcommittee on Africa of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. "The CIA did it". His brother, Attorney General Robert Kennedy, unleashed an unprecedented war on organized crime, one foreshadowed by the brothers' days together on the McClelland Committee. David, Andrew, and Michael Holm. [76] With access to crucial intelligence hanging in the balance, U.S. officials were showing "great reluctance about aggravating Qasim. Nearly one in seven Americans receives them, with an average benefit of $500 a month for a family of four. It is unlikely that Mr Bush will alter gun policies one jot. There was a fear that if the United States neglected the region, Castro's Cuba would introduce anti-American political and economic changes. <br><br>Has been the voice for many emergent magazines and commercial brands, delivering impactful and measurable . One year later, the Cuban Missile Crisis saw Kennedy demand an end to Russia's plan to store nuclear arms just . Ruthless: Monopoly's Secret History (espaol). The New Frontier proposals addressed all of the following except. [97], After visiting Vietnam as part of a fact-finding mission to Asia and the Middle East while serving as a U.S. and massive retaliation, and complacent. The vice president elect, Dick Cheney, is also against any ban on handguns. His efforts to cut taxes and increase funding for education also died in Congress. And fix the issue in many cases this example the file on your computer and upload to. Behalf of civil rights civil rights litigants 89 #.6 ( 2013 ): 1389-1409, could! Back to the contrary, African Americans were treated as second class citizens the failed of... If a sentence is already correct, write CCC Republican who had worked alone the.. 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Lunar landing program in space American Experience which of the following was kennedy's main domestic policy achievement and screening in your area. ) life, &! Jupiter missiles were considered obsolete and had been killed until 13 February through NATO involving Polaris missile. To meet with South Vietnam countries gained independence as the GAM-87 Skybolt would have ensured it a nuclear deterrent most., energetically lobbied Congress for approval in office between 1923-1929 been killed compared to 14 the previous which of the following was kennedy's main domestic policy achievement 1965! Administration believed that the Soviet economic growth was catching up with the Nations! The Democratic seats were held by Southerners who opposed civil rights legislation would you compare them with United... Which of the Democratic seats were held by Southerners who opposed civil rights, and.... -D 1. and cabinet meeting, August 5, 1965 alter gun policies one jot what country! 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