[213][214] Toward the end of his career, he played about 2,000 innings at third base and about 1,175 innings in the outfield, excelling at both. He was the youngest of five children, after siblings Edgar, Frank, Matthew (nicknamed "Mack"), and Willa Mae. Robinson also led the NCAA in punt return average in the 1939 and 1940 seasons. [26] While playing football at PJC, Robinson suffered a fractured ankle, complications from which would eventually delay his deployment status while in the military. Jackie's legacy celebrated by Roberts, Robinson's son January 31st, 2022 Sarah Wexler @ SarahWexler32 April 15, 2022, will mark 75 years since Jackie Robinson permanently broke Major League Baseball's color barrier. She became an assistant professor at the Yale School of Nursing and director of nursing at the Connecticut Mental Health Center. [23], In 1965, Robinson served as an analyst for ABC's Major League Baseball Game of the Week telecasts, the first black person to do so. [55] By that time, however, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor had taken place, which drew the United States into World War II and ended Robinson's nascent football career. [56] Having the requisite qualifications, Robinson and several other black soldiers applied for admission to an Officer Candidate School (OCS) then located at Fort Riley. He had a big role in bringing racial . [188] Sportswriter Dick Young, whom Robinson had described as a "bigot", said, "If there was one flaw in Jackie, it was the common one. [324] His home in Brooklyn, the Jackie Robinson House, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976,[325] and Brooklyn residents sought to turn his home into a city landmark. [314], Robinson has also been recognized outside of baseball. Robinson attended John Muir High School . Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, into a family of sharecroppers in Cairo, Georgia. Rickey selected Robinson from a list of promising black players and interviewed him for possible assignment to Brooklyn's International League farm club, the Montreal Royals. [231] Later that year, after he complained of numerous physical ailments, he was diagnosed with diabetes, a disease that also afflicted his brothers. [121][122], After much lobbying of local officials by Rickey himself, the Royals were allowed to host a game involving Robinson in Daytona Beach. Born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, Jack Roosevelt Robinson was the youngest of Jerry and Mallie Robinson's five children. [109] On February 10, 1946, Robinson and Isum were married by their old friend, the Rev. Historical statistical analysis indicates Robinson was an outstanding fielder throughout his ten years in the major leagues and at virtually every position he played. His mother, Mallie Robinson, single-handedly raised Jackie and her four other children. No.32 Is Likely To Be Hottest Debate", "Rare Jackie Robinson jersey sold for $2.05 million", Sporting News MLB Rookie of the Year Award, National League Most Valuable Player Award, National League season stolen base leaders, Bums: An Oral History of the Brooklyn Dodgers, Orel Hershiser's scoreless innings streak, "You're Looking at One for the Ages Here", Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx Is Burning, National Football Foundation Gold Medal winners, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jackie_Robinson&oldid=1142150607, Activists for African-American civil rights, African-American male track and field athletes, American expatriate baseball players in Canada, Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state), Baseball players from Pasadena, California, Basketball players from Pasadena, California, College men's basketball head coaches in the United States, Major League Baseball players with retired numbers, Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award winners, Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state), National College Baseball Hall of Fame inductees, National League Most Valuable Player Award winners, Pasadena City Lancers men's basketball players, Players of American football from Pasadena, California, UCLA Bruins men's track and field athletes, United States Army personnel of World War II, United States Army personnel who were court-martialed, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Pages using infobox military person with embed, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, October 10,1956,for theBrooklyn Dodgers, Antonio Todd in "Colors", a 2005 episode of the, Robert Hamilton in "Sundown", a 2020 episode of the, Career statistics and player information from, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 19:58. [251] He became one of six national directors for Nelson Rockefeller's unsuccessful campaign to be nominated as the Republican candidate for the election. [142][143][144] The Woodward article made national headlines. . [252] He later became special assistant for community affairs when Rockefeller was re-elected governor of New York in 1966 and in 1971 was appointed to the New York State Athletic Commission by Rockefeller. [66][67][68] Robinson refused. [316] On August 20, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and his wife, Maria Shriver, announced that Robinson was inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts in Sacramento. He had grown used to a structured playing environment in college, and the Negro leagues' disorganization and embrace of gambling interests appalled him. He lost the weight during training camp, but dieting left him weak at the plate. [211] After playing his rookie season at first base,[93] Robinson spent most of his career as a second baseman. [263], Robinson's eldest son, Jackie Robinson Jr., had emotional trouble during his childhood and entered special education at an early age. [84] In all, Robinson played 47 games at shortstop for the Monarchs, hitting .387 with five home runs, and registering 13 stolen bases. City, family reach $2 million settlement in Florida fatal police shooting. He was also a member of the tennis team. The Yankees' Mariano Rivera, who retired at the end of the 2013 season,[294][295] was the last player in Major League Baseball to wear jersey number 42 on a regular basis. [270][272] Tens of thousands of people lined the subsequent procession route to Robinson's interment site at Cypress Hills Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York, where he was buried next to his son Jackie and mother-in-law Zellee Isum. [52][59][61] The experience led to a personal friendship between Robinson and Louis. [28] On the football team, he played quarterback and safety. Jesse Jackson gave the eulogy. Muchnick. [232] Although Robinson adopted an insulin injection regimen, the state of medicine at the time could not prevent the continued deterioration of Robinson's physical condition from the disease. Louis. [35][64], An event on July 6, 1944, derailed Robinson's military career. Jackie Robinson. The celebration got off to an early start on Monday at Dodger Stadium. Jackie was the youngest of five children who grew up in a relatively poor section of Pasadena CA. "[257][258] This wish was only fulfilled after Robinson's death: following the 1974 season, the Cleveland Indians gave their managerial post to Frank Robinson (no relation to Jackie), a Hall of Fame-bound player who would go on to manage three other teams. The reporter, concerned about protecting Hyland's anonymity and job, in turn leaked it to his Tribune colleague and editor, Stanley Woodward, whose own subsequent reporting with other sources protected Hyland. While Mr. Robinson patrolled second base, his wife, Rachel, was combing the Connecticut suburbs for a family home. [91], Other teams, however, had more serious interest in signing a black ballplayer. During Robinson's first at bat, the Jersey City catcher, Dick Bouknight, demanded that Sandel throw at Robinson, but Sandel refused. In July, he was called to testify before the United States House of Representatives' Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) concerning statements made that April by black athlete and actor Paul Robeson. [66][72], By the time of the court-martial in August 1944, the charges against Robinson had been reduced to two counts of insubordination during questioning. [13][14] After Robinson's father left the family in 1920, they moved to Pasadena, California. Robinson's older brother was a silver medalist at the Olympics. [211], Assessing himself, Robinson said, "I'm not concerned with your liking or disliking me all I ask is that you respect me as a human being. In 1968, he suffered a heart attack. Because of his off-season activities, Robinson reported to training camp 30 pounds (14kg) overweight. With Eddie Stanky entrenched at second base for the Dodgers, Robinson played his initial major league season as a first baseman. [310][311] At Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, a statue of Robinson was introduced in 2017. [73], After his acquittal, he was transferred to Camp Breckinridge, Kentucky, where he served as a coach for army athletics until receiving an honorable discharge in November 1944. I think that's one of the reasons why Josh died so earlyhe was heartbroken. [291][292] On April 15, 1997, Robinson's jersey number, 42, was retired throughout Major League Baseball, the first time any jersey number had been retired throughout one of the four major American sports leagues. [64] As it was a fledgling program, few students tried out for the basketball team, and Robinson even resorted to inserting himself into the lineup for exhibition games. [249] After supporting Richard Nixon in his 1960 presidential race against John F. Kennedy, Robinson later praised Kennedy effusively for his stance on civil rights. Karl Downs, President of Sam Huston College (now HustonTillotson University) in nearby Austin, Texas; in California, Downs had been Robinson's pastor at Scott United Methodist Church while Robinson attended PJC. Early Life. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, a sleepy Southern town near the Florida border. [79], In early 1945, while Robinson was at Sam Huston College, the Kansas City Monarchs sent him a written offer to play professional baseball in the Negro leagues. [277][278][279], According to a poll conducted in 1947, Robinson was the second most popular man in the country, behind Bing Crosby. [66], Although his former unit, the 761st Tank Battalion, became the first black tank unit to see combat in World War II, Robinson's court-martial proceedings prohibited him from being deployed overseas; thus, he never saw combat action. [157] Robinson also talked frequently with Larry Doby, who endured his own hardships since becoming the first black player in the American League with the Cleveland Indians, as the two spoke to one another via telephone throughout the season. [162] Robinson's interests began to shift toward the prospect of managing a major league team. 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