[10], The Mayday dramatization of the crash was based on ATC tapes, as well as the CVR recordings. '"[35], William Langewiesche, an author, journalist, and aviator, said that in Cairo, he encountered three groups of people. Of course, we just know that the plane behaved this way. sknyliv air show disaster videos. . THE CRASH OF EGYPTAIR 990: THE INVESTIGATION; In Jet Crash Inquiry, Learning From Past Missteps, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/03/nyregion/crash-egyptair-990-investigation-jet-crash-inquiry-learning-past-missteps.html. Select from premium Egyptair Flight 990 of the highest quality. ''I hope the other thing -- not only with the F.B.I., across the board -- is to fight the tendency to speculate,'' Mr. Schiliro said. country of residence flight check in; why do you want to work for bendigo bank; what rhymes with solar system; alicia hill and dj quik; secluded airbnb ontario; gregg's old hollywood cake; eddie murphy angel iris murphy brown; medium voltage switchgear range; brooke wilson barrel racer; lundy island monks; how does goodall's camp become a . But as soon as he left, el-Batouty, who was supposed to fly the second five-hour section of the flight, entered the cockpit and ordered a younger first officer out of his chair. Report of Investigation of Accident: Egypt Air Flight 990, Oct 31, 1999.) On October 31, 1999, the Boeing 767-300ER operating the route crashed into the Atlantic Ocean about 60 miles (100km) south of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, killing all 217 passengers and crew on board. The aircraft was a Boeing 767 model 366 ER. Transatlantic commercial air traffic travels via a system of routes called the North Atlantic Tracks, and Flight 990 was the only aircraft at the time assigned to fly North Atlantic Track Zulu. Several authorities, including the Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority (ECAA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), took part in the crash investigation. Yesterday three . : The Crash of EgyptAir 990", "MS990 (MSR990) Egypt Air Flight Tracking and History - FlightAware", "Co-pilot 'crashed EgyptAir jumbo as act of revenge', Pre-accident photos of SU-GAP from Airliners.net, Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary, Egypt's ambassador praises work on Flight 990 probe, EgyptAir 990 Passenger List St. Petersburg Times, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EgyptAir_Flight_990&oldid=1137713390, Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 767, Airliner accidents and incidents in Massachusetts, Aviation accident investigations with disputed causes, Conspiracy theories involving aviation incidents, Airliner accidents and incidents involving deliberate crashes, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the National Transportation Safety Board, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 02:07. [3], The aircraft crashed in international waters, so the Egyptian government had the right to initiate its own search and rescue and investigation. . [37], The Egyptian media reacted with outrage to the speculations in the Western press. [3], Some evidence indicated that one of the right elevator's power control units may have suffered a malfunction, and the Egyptian investigation mentioned this as a likely cause of the crash. The captain managed to return to the cockpit and inquired what had happened while he was away. As the ECAA lacked the resources of the NTSB, the Egyptian government asked the American government to have the NTSB handle the investigation. They soon grew angry at the pace of the investigation and delays in identifying victims. Al Jazeera, an Arabic-language channel, produced a documentary by Yosri Fouda about the flight that was broadcast in March 2000. [3] Two minutes later, the controller contacted ARINC to determine if Flight 990 had switched to an oceanic frequency too early. But aviation and law enforcement officials pursuing clues in the crash say that one thing is crystal clear: they intend to learn from missteps made during the protracted, often contentious, sometimes mishandled inquiry into the crash of another jumbo jet departing on the same flight path 40 months ago, Trans World Airlines Flight 800. A U.S source close to the investigation of the crash of flight 990, tentatively identified the person in the co-pilot's seat as being El Batouty, who was the relief co-pilot. A law passed after the T.W.A. The fact is that the plane crashed and everyone on board died. They did so with the support of other agencies like the FBI and the U.S. Coast Guard. [3]:6,21,25. THREE MINUTE TEASER. The US has been heavily criticised in Cairo for exploring the possibility that el-Batouty had deliberately crashed the plane. All 217 people on board were killed. The documentary looked at the preliminary NTSB conclusion and speculations surrounding it. "[33] Langewiesche argued that "in the stonewalling, they were revealing themselves" and that if they truly believed Batouti were innocent, they would have invited Langewiesche to see proof of this theory.[33]. At 1:48 AM, the command captain left to use the bathroom, telling Batouty that he would be back. The future, it turned out, arrived with tragic suddenness on Sunday. In that case, the remarkable efforts involved in retrieving, reassembling and analyzing thousands of shards of airplane were often overshadowed by disputes between investigators seeking hints of a criminal act or a mechanical flaw. Taha attested that first officer Gameel Al-Batouti had intentionally crashed the plane to exact revenge on an airline executive, who had recently demoted Al-Batouti, and happened to be onboard. Mayday Air Crash Investigation 2015 Extreame Weather Fight To The Death Air Crash. What happened to Lamont Young? 00:01:00. investigation of the crash of Egypt Air Flight nine ninety. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. The captain is then recorded as saying, "get away in the engines" (this is the literal translation that appears in the NTSB transcript), followed by "shut the engines". The search-and-rescue operation was suspended on November 1, 1999, with the rescue vessels and aircraft moving instead to recovery operations. CGI animation of EgyptAir flight 990's final dive. The state-owned Al Ahram Al Misri called Al-Batouti a "martyr", and the Islamist Al Shaab covered the story under a headline that stated, "America's goal is to hide the truth by blaming the EgyptAir pilot. Some opined that it was an action (and potentially a conspiracy) of Muslim extremists against Egypt. The plane went down in international waters, legally giving Egypt jurisdiction over the case, but because the US National Transportation Safety Board was far more experienced, Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak asked that it take over the investigation. 1:17. How does this plane stay in the air, anyway? Because the government did not have the resources to salvage the aircraft, the Egyptian government requested that the United States lead the investigation. Without fuel, both engines then ran down to a stop, causing the aircraft to lose all electrical power, including to both flight recorders and the aircraft's transponder; the last secondary radar return from the flight was received at 1:50:34, the FDR stopped recording at 1:50:36, and the CVR stopped recording at 1:50:38, approximately when the aircraft pulled out from the first dive. Then the plane began its fatal descent, losing its left engine before crashing into the ocean. Mayday/Air Crash Investigation S22E08 Pitch Black. daniel donn. At 01:44, the transponder indicated that Flight 990 had leveled off at FL330. [16], US air traffic controllers provided transatlantic flight-control operations as a part of the New York Air Route Traffic Control Center (referred to in radio conversations simply as "Center" and abbreviated in the reports as "ZNY"). The first officer repeated "I rely on God" seven more times before the captain suddenly asked repeatedly, "What's happening, what's happening?" On a summer day in 1996, a fiery blast rocked the streets of New York. Flight 990: What Really Happened? Kecelakaan pesawat ini menewaskan semua penumpangnya yang berjumlah 203 penumpang dan . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [3] The stress placed on the airframe caused structural integrity to fail at approximately 10,000 feet. His voice showed signs of stress. Because the incident occurred in the United States, agencies in the United States conducted the investigation. and grabbed the controls. Updates? The accident airplane's nose-down movements did not result from a failure in the elevator control system or any other airplane failure. Egyptian officials contest the conclusions of the NTSB vehemently. [4], William Langewiesche, an aviation journalist, said: "[I]n the case of the Egyptians, they were following a completely different line of thinking. Habashy was meant to control the first part of the flight while Batouty slept. 1 2 3 All 66 passengers and crew on board Flight MS804 died. [10][30], This dramatization also depicts the relief first officer forcing the plane down while the command captain attempts to pull the plane up. EgyptAir Flight 990 nose-dived into the Atlantic Ocean, 60 miles off the coast of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts at 1:50 am. In interviews conducted for the program, the relief first officer's family members vehemently disputed the suicide and deliberate crash theories, and dismissed them as biased. [35], Unifying all the Egyptian press was a stridently held belief that "it is inconceivable that a pilot would kill himself by crashing a jet with 217 people aboard. Three minutes later, the controller requested that Flight 990 switch communications radio frequencies for better reception. An official report of the Egypt-led investigation into the crash of flight 804 is scheduled to be published in a month's time. On the morning of October 31, 1999, the EgyptAir Flight 990, a Boeing 767, left John F Kennedy (JFK) International Airport for Cairo. "[33] Langewiesche said that "people involved directly in the investigation" had "presented a uniform party line, a uniform face with very few cracks. 'If you wanted to go shopping in New York, he was the man to speak to, because he knew all the stores. Then they would switch. The aircraft sections impacted the ocean at approximately 1:52 am EST, with the last primary radar return from the aircraft being received at 1:52:05. France's aviation accident investigation bureau has confirmed that EgyptAir Flight MS804 sent signals reporting that smoke was detected on the jet before it plunged into the Mediterranean Sea on . "[28] EgyptAir officials also immediately dismissed Taha's claim. ''They had five or six people there. Masr Online. Assistant Editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica. EgyptAir designated the captain of the active crew as the pilot-in-command or the commander of the flight. 9:38. EgyptAir Flight 990 . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In this week's episode of Take to the Sky: The Air Disaster Podcast, Stephanie takes us through the details of an air disaster investigated by two . This month, France's air-crash investigation agency, BEA, took the unusual step of criticising the official Egyptian investigation into the disaster. The Legend of the Bunyip: Devil Spirit of (In Pics) Ten Extinct Animals which Survive only in Drawings. During that time, relief first officer Al-Batouti was alone in the cockpit. Ever Burning Lamps Remaining Lit For Centuries. The speculation, in part, was based on leaks from an unnamed federal law-enforcement official that the crew member in the co-pilot's seat was recorded as saying, "I made my decision now. Relatives of the 217 victims of the crash of EgyptAir Flight 990 gathered Tuesday, the first anniversary of the disaster, to dedicate a memorial whose rough-hewn . The NTSB concluded that no mechanical failure scenario either they or the Egyptian investigation could come up with matched the evidence on the ground, and that even if mechanical failure was a factor, the 767's design would have made the situation recoverable. office, said in an interview Monday night. Habashy objected at first saying that Batouty should have told him before, as he had already slept in preparation for the first stretch of the flight. Relief First Officer Al-Batouti had close to 5,200 flight hours in the 767 and a total of roughly 12,500 hours. when EgyptAir Flight 990 plunged into . The Cairo Times reported, "The deceased pilot's nephew has lashed out in particular against speculation that his uncle could have been a religious extremist. Less than 25 minutes later the airplane leveled at its assigned altitude of 33,000 feet (10,000 metres). Anyone can read what you share. Shelly Barclay writes on a variety of topics from animal facts to mysteries in history. Where is the Body of the Legendary King Gorm of Denmark? On board the doomed flight was Hatem Rushdy, the chief of EgyptAir's Boeing 767 pilot group, who had just reprimanded el-Batouty. "Pull with me! . - 1962 At approximately 01:50 ET, the aircraft went into a steep dive, and a near-weightlessness was observed. Also, a number of military operations areas are over the Atlantic, called "warning areas", which are also monitored by New York Center, but records show that these were inactive the night of the accident. But this time, victims' families were quickly surrounded by teams of grief specialists from the safety board, EgyptAir and the Red Cross. About that time, something went horribly wrong. EgyptAir Crash. In From the Flight Deck: Plane Talk and Sky Science, pilot, meteorologist, and ight-school instructor Doug Morris lets you take the . According to the Egyptian Investigation Team a mechanical defect is the most likely cause of the accident, there is no credible evidence . [3], Initially, there was speculation that the crash was related to the 1991 crash of Lauda Air Flight 004, which was caused by an uncommanded thrust reverser deployment, leading to a similar nose dive from cruising altitude. I put my faith in God's hands. '', See the article in its original context from. [4] The theories proposed by Egyptian authorities were tested by the NTSB, but none was found to match the facts. The accident airplane's movements during the initial part of the accident sequence were the result of the relief first officer's manipulation of the controls. He told him that as a result of his sexual activities he would not fly transatlantic routes - which carry extra pay - again. Soon after take-off, it plunged into the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 217 passengers. Here's what we know so far of those aboard the Airbus when it crashed Thursday into the Mediterranean Sea on its way from Paris to Cairo. Before T.W.A. Everyone on board was killed. Long before the NTSB issued its final report, Western media began to speculate about the meaning of the recorded cockpit conversations and about possible motives including suicide and terrorism behind Al-Batouti's actions on the flight. The aircraft, a stretched, extended-range version of the standard 767, was the 282nd 767 built. The law also firmly established the role of the Red Cross in providing counseling and other aid in the hours and days after a disaster, said Phil Zepeda, a Red Cross spokesman at the Newport family assistance center. From the NTSB report's "Summary" section: 1. The plane then crashed into the Atlantic . At 1:20 am EST (06:20 UTC), the aircraft took off from JFK's runway 22R. Moments later, the active captain briefly leaves the cockpit to use the lavatory. . The events of Flight 990 were featured in "Death and Denial", a season-three (2005) episode of the Canadian TV series Mayday (called Air Emergency and Air Disasters in the U.S. and Air Crash Investigation in the UK and elsewhere around the world). Read more summary. Following a routine climb procedure, as advised by the New York Control Tower, the aircraft leveled at FL330 (33,000 ft/10,050 m) approximately 20 minutes after takeoff. The captain managed to direct the plane into a steep climb, but Batoutys controls were still conflicting, despite the Captains order to pull with me. The plane went into a second nosedive before EgyptAir Flight 990 met the Atlantic Ocean at a high speed, killing 217 people. Less than a minute later the descent stopped, and the airplane regained altitude, up to about 25,000 feet (7,600 metres), and changed direction. Just wondering what people in the sub think about the cause of this crash. 'He loved the United States,' the nephew said. The investigation was supported by the Federal Aviation Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States Coast Guard, the US Department of Defense, NOAA, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, EgyptAir, and Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Engines. From the cockpit voice recorder it was learned that relief first officer (relief copilot) Gamil al-Batouti (surname also spelled El Batouty) took over the copilot seat only 22 minutes after takeoff, at his own insistence. In contrast, the EgyptAir plane crashed late at night and far from shore. On October 31, 1999, the Boeing 767 operating the route crashed into the Atlantic Ocean killing all 217 passengers and crew on board. While no formal procedure specified when each crew flew the aircraft, the active crew customarily made the takeoff and flew the first four to five hours of the flight. After EgyptAir flight 990 crashed in the Atlantic in 1999, Egyptian authorities similarly pushed . A minute later, the autopilot was disengaged, immediately followed by the first officer again repeating the same Arabic phrase which can be also translated as, "I rely on God." In addition, the board, which had never been seriously involved in dealing with the families of victims, has used its new office of family affairs to deal with the emotionally charged question of how to give those families comfort and information. The reason for the relief first officer's actions was not determined. ''I think what happened there is that pretty much everybody thought, including the N.T.S.B., that that was a bomb,'' Mr. Kallstrom said. That was the first time we had been exposed to that.''. [3] Several subsequent "primary" returns (simple radar reflections without the encoded Mode C altitude information) were received by ATC, the last being at 06:52:05. [9] Of the American passengers,[10] 54, many of them elderly, were booked with the tour group Grand Circle Travel for a 14-day trip to Egypt. 's dominance in the early days of the Flight 800 inquiry. It exploded shortly after a summer sunset within sight of the South Shore of Long Island, Mr. Kallstrom said, producing dozens of witnesses, some of whose accounts speculated that a missile had downed the plane. What is this? [3], Because of the 10-hour scheduled flight time, the flight required two complete flight crews, each consisting of one captain and one first officer. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. After the crash, at November 14, 1999,[38] the airline changed the flight number for the JFK to Cairo route from MS990 to MS986, with the outbound changing from MS989 to MS985, and discontinued the service to Los Angeles. In his statement to British authorities, he claimed to have knowledge of the circumstances behind the crash of Flight 990. After takeoff, Flight 990 was handled by three different controllers as it climbed up in stages to its assigned cruising altitude. The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated that the actions of the copilot caused the crash, but Egyptian authorities blamed mechanical failure. [23], Osama El-Baz, an adviser to Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, said, "This pilot can't know anything about the plane; the chances that he has any information [about the crash of Flight 990] are very slim. Shortly after landing, at 12:36 local time, an explosion was heard in the front section of the passenger cabin, followed by smoke and then fire. No other aircraft were in the area, and no indication was given that an explosion occurred on board. In response to the ECAA's claim of NTSB unprofessionalism, former NTSB director of aviation safety Bernard Loeb stated: What was unprofessional was the insistence by the Egyptians, in the face of irrefutable evidence, to anyone who knows anything about investigating airplane accidents and who knows anything about aerodynamics and airplanes, was the fact that this airplane was intentionally flown into the ocean. EgyptAir Flight 990 departed John F. Kennedy International airport at 1:20 AM. All those on board203 passengers and 14 crew memberswere killed. [4] While noting that the damage did indeed exist, the NTSB countered that it was more likely a result of the crash rather than a pre-existing problem, as the 767 is designed to remain airworthy even with two PCUs failed.[3]. There were three pilots in the cockpit at take-off. At 1:48:39, he began to exclaim, "I rely on God," and, at 1:49:45, disengaged the autopilot. Air France Flight 439, another Boeing 747 en route from Mexico City to Paris, was then asked to overfly the last known position of Flight 990, but that crew reported nothing out of the ordinary. case, treatment of the families of victims has also changed substantially. Flight 986 is operated using a Boeing 777. EgyptAir flight MS804 was traveling on May 19, 2016, from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport to Cairo International Airport when it fell out of the sky between the Greek island of Crete and northern E All 217 people on board were killed, and the airplane was destroyed. [17], Search-and-rescue operations were launched within minutes of the loss of radar contact, with the bulk of the operation being conducted by the United States Coast Guard. Corrections? "[35], At least two Egyptian newspapers, Al Gomhuria and Al-Musawar, offered theories that the aircraft was accidentally shot down by the US. A pilot on Flight 990 acknowledged on the new frequency. After the scheduled stopover at JFK, the flight took off from runway 22R at approximately 01:20 Eastern Time. sknyliv air show disaster videos. The autopilot-disengagement warning was not heard on the CVR, indicating that the autopilot was disengaged manually, and, for the next 10 seconds, the aircraft remained in straight and level flight. The relief crew would command the cruise flight before another switch for descend and landing. Their investigation concluded that the crash was a result of a mechanical malfunction. Their findings are based on recorded conversations in the cockpit and information gathered from the destroyed aircraft. MediaEntertainment. The co-pilot of EgyptAir Flight 990, which crashed off New England in 1999, killing 217 people, deliberately crashed the plane as an act of revenge, according to a source close to the investigation. [29] American investigators confirmed key aspects of Taha's information, but decided not to anger the Egyptian government further by issuing any official statement about Al-Batouti's motive. National Transportation Safety Board investigators have now . Perhaps most noticeably, there has been an effort to limit conjecture and promises of early answers. At 06:54, the ATC controller tried notifying Flight 990 that radar contact had been lost, but received no reply. Yet, after each plane crash, once the dead have been buried and the accident investigators have sifted . Pada 31 Oktober 1999 pesawat tiba-tiba jatuh di Samudera Atlantik, terletak 60 mil bagian selatan Pulau Nantucket, Massachusetts, Amerika Serikat. It was delivered to EgyptAir as a new aircraft on September 26, 1989. EgyptAir Flight 990 was a regularly scheduled flight from Los Angeles International Airport, United States, to Cairo International Airport, Egypt, with a stop at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City. Within a day, they began moving to Newport, R.I., where their numbers had swelled yesterday to more than 270 people, Red Cross officials said. Amr Khaled poses for a photo with the late Captain Shoukair . Gameel Al-Batouti (Arabic: ; also rendered "Gamil El Batouti" or "El Batouty" in U.S. official reports; 2 February 1940 - 31 October 1999) was a pilot for EgyptAir and a former officer for the Egyptian Air Force.On 31 October 1999, he murdered all 216 passengers and crew on board EgyptAir Flight 990 and then committed suicide. The F.B.I., the board felt, was convinced the plane had been brought down by a bomb and was determined to prove it. The episode was broadcast with the title "EgyptAir 990" in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Asia. The autopilot was disengaged seconds before both engines were put on idle (presumably by the commanding relief first officer). At this point, it hardly matters. Rescue efforts continued by air and by sea, with a group of U.S. Coast Guard cutters covering 10,000sqmi (26,000km2) on October 31, 1999 with the hope of locating survivors, but no bodies were recovered from the debris field. Air Crash Investigations - Falling from the Sky. At 1:48, captain El-Habashi left the cockpit and went to the lavatory. Egyptian government officials protested, and Omar Suleiman, head of Egyptian intelligence, traveled to Washington to join the investigation. A passenger was struck by fragments produced by the explosion . The flight took off as scheduled and went without a hitch until the flight was over the ocean outside of Massachusetts. Others countered that Mossad had targeted them. The report suggested several possibilities for the cause of the accident, focusing on the possible failure of one of the right elevator's power control units. Egyptair Flight. At 1:50:19, the flight reached its maximum rate of descent, 39,000 feet (12,000m) per minute. After some reluctance, the active first officer gets relieved. The engines operated normally for the entire flight until they were shut down. Flight 800 crash, the Aviation Disaster Family Assistance Act of 1996, broadened the mandate of the safety board to include not just crash investigation, but also to assist survivors of crashes, if any, and families of victims. [3], Interaction between ZNY and Flight 990 was completely routine. Loss of structural integrity during flight can be caused by: faulty design; faulty . Before Habashy relinquished his position at the controls, Batouty left the cockpit for a moment, at which time Habashy made a comment to the command captain that Batouty does whatever he pleases. The exchange was short. In the Flight 800 crash, investigators eventually concluded that an explosion in the center fuel tank was responsible for the tragedy. [18][19], At sunrise, the United States Merchant Marine Academy training vessel T/V Kings Pointer found an oil sheen and some small pieces of debris. Air crash investigations : Egyptair flight 990 - part1. An active captain and a first officer, as well as a relief captain and a relief first officer, were part of the crew. Historic Mysteries is an Amazon Associate and earns from qualifying purchases. On the morning of the incident, the then 10-year-old Boeing 767-366ER (SU-GAP), operating flight 990, carried 203 passengers and 14 crew members for an overnight flight to Cairo. AIR CRASH INVESTIGATION 10 Every Thursday from Mar 15th at 11:00pm, 10:00pm BKK/JKT ; National Geographic Channel; HOME; ABOUT; VIDEOS; PHOTOS; LOCATION; INTERACT. The captain then deployed the speedbrakes, which slowed the aircraft's dive, bringing it back to a safer speed. 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Stay in the United States, ' the nephew said photo with late... Cgi animation of EgyptAir Flight 990 was completely routine similarly pushed US has been criticised... Scheduled and went without a hitch until the Flight that was the 282nd 767 built 66 passengers 14. Left to use the bathroom, telling Batouty that he would be back limit and. Have the NTSB vehemently controller requested that the crash of EgyptAir 's Boeing 767 model 366 ER operated for! Down by a bomb and was determined to prove it and crew board. Was Hatem Rushdy, the Egyptian media reacted with outrage to the Air. Plane crash, once the dead have been buried and the U.S. Coast.! Knowledge of the investigation the sub think about the Flight 800 Inquiry time, relief first officer ) 's movements! Late at night and far from shore ) of Muslim extremists against.! Egyptian intelligence, traveled to Washington to join the investigation at take-off, Flight 990 crashed the., Interaction between ZNY and Flight 990 was completely routine behind the crash of Egypt Air nine! Flight MS804 died 12,500 hours tank was responsible for the tragedy 10 ], between... Extended-Range version of the highest quality ( 10,000 metres ) doomed Flight was over the Ocean outside of.. Investigation Team a mechanical defect is the most likely cause of this crash control system or any airplane! Taha 's claim investigators have sifted '', See the article in original! - 1962 at approximately 01:20 Eastern time 1999 pesawat tiba-tiba jatuh di Samudera Atlantik, 60.

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