The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Read Also:Importance of Journalism in Nigeria. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. There are natural disasters, national welfare aid distributed to the states for authorization, public education resources, and many more benefits or circumstances where someone must navigate each level of government to find the results they want. 2.D - Advantages to Federalism. 4. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Federalism makes it possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. American Federalism: A View from the States. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Federalism provides room for innovation and experimentation. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. /Subtype /Image This is intended to improve supply of power. We will write a custom Assessment on Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. The Benefits of Federalism Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Excellent, thanks a lot f IvyPanda, 23 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. Federalism is allocation or division of power between the state and the nation. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Importance of Federalism in Nigeria. 2.4 It Provides A Structure That Diffuses The Governmental Power. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. 3. gives people easier access to political offices because they may begin seeking elected offices at the. Need to regulate interstate commerce power. For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. s" A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. They will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. The national government also possess concurrent powers which enable them to exercises along with the state government. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. For example, traffic congestion along the Lekki-Ajah Expressway in Lagos state is a problem that can be best solved by the local government, keeping local factors in mind, rather than by somebody living in Kaduna. 1 What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? During the late 1960s and 1970s, demand for the recognition and protection of specific individual rights extended the era of cooperative federalism, as the national government addressed issues such as fair housing, education, voting rights, mental health, job safety, environmental quality, and the rights of disabled persons. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Thus, the failure of Nigerian federalism can be attributed to its' abundance and dependence on oil resources. National decisions can sometimes compete with state decisions. The federal system can promote inequalities among citizens since natural resources and opportunities differ from region to region. Federalism avoids single supreme national governance where there is only one authority. advantages of federalism 1.people feel more involved 2.separation of power to help create checks and balance that are in play rather than let all one body hold all the power Then there are the inefficient processes that people must follow when managing their activities. (2019, November 23). Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. People must stay in compliance with the laws that are in every layer of governing. (1996): The Political Economy of Nigeria Federalism: In Foundation of Nigerian Federalism: 1960-1995 Eliagwu Isawa et . It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. 1. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Both the state and national governments have taxable power and they can also borrow money. the country. 150 Cute Korean girl names and their meanings you will love, 100+ romantic love messages for husband to make him feel loved, Elon Musk loses richest man title again as Bill Gates threatens Jeff Bezos, Dangote slides, ANA congratulates Tinubu, warns Obasanjo against undermining democracy, Know your State's returning officers for 2023 presidential election as INEC declares Tinubu president-elect, 2023 presidential election results: Full list of states Labour Party's Peter Obi won, Work with Soludo: Metchi tells Tony Nwoye, Macpee, Emeka Idu. There is no way to obtain runaway power in this structure unless voters approve of that process first. The definition of federalism is straightforward: it is the federal principle or system of government. Figures are often tossed around about how much money we could save without it - $9 billion, $20 billion, or more. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. 1. The federal system of government is very expensive as more people are elected to office, both at the state and the center, than necessary. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. Kayode Oladele. There are several pros and cons of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system. The Nigerian Constitution supports decentralised electricity regulation. Need a custom Assessment sample written from scratch by This resulted in the loss of many lives. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Dispersing of government power between the state and the nation offers greater protection against emergence of tyrannical government. %PDF-1.5 $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Nigeria became a federation of three regions in 1954 while today it is a federation of thirty-six states. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Many women only make 80% for doing the same job that men do when they look at their salary. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Hawaii made it against the law to place a coin in your ear. This structure made slavery and segregation a continuing issue in the United States until the 1960s. It . Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. The government demands to have war powers were created by tragedies of modern wars. Required fields are marked *. Others do not. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. 10 Best Nursery/Primary Schools in Akwa Ibom State, Top 5 Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State. We are constantly told that federalism is a wasteful, costly system of government, which produces nothing more than duplication and buck-passing. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. What Are The Advantages Of Federalism? in or register, Provincial, state or local government representatives live in close proximity to the people and are most of the times from the same community, so that they are in a better position to understand these problems and offer unique solutions for them. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. If you go to Colorado, then it is illegal to keep a couch on your porch. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. Too many elected representatives with overlapping roles may also lead to corruption. In the Nigerian federalism there is no dichotomy or antithesis between the nation and the people living in different geographical locations of the country. Another advantage of federalism is that because our federal system creates two levels of government with the capacity to take action, failure to attain a desired policy goal at one level can be offset by successfully securing the support of elected representatives at another level. Although three major tribes (Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo) have been selected as the main Nigerian languages, the need to avoid drowning the voices of the minority groups in the stream of the major groups is both glaring and necessary for peace to reign. Federalism provides a way for different groups of people in different parts of the country to live together. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Each state shall grant extradition for fugitives who reside in a foreign state and had committed crime in their resident. Nigeria is the most populous black country and this has earned us an alias, giant of Africa. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Each state has the same level of self-governance. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. 1. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). An action of one government is always opposed by other government to enforce civil rights in Southern states. The desire to have war powers was also one of the reasons why national government power was increased since 1788. IvyPanda. Federalism can create uncertainty. Federalism promotes efficiency of government: distribution of power between the state and nation provides division of work and specialization of functions. Endogenous (De)centralization The key intuition of fiscal federalism theory is that the benefits of decentralization are positively correlated with the geographic Fresh Fact Emerges, "Didn't know I was already pregnant": New mum Seyi Edun calls out lady who mocked her childlessness in 2022. << Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. The pros and cons of federalism provide evidence that it is usually better for a society and nation if there is a system of power sharing available for the government. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. IvyPanda. This structure makes it possible for any law to be challenged, and that can slow down the process of change over time. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. There are efficiencies to consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." People feel close to their communities. 1. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). This process can create positive or negative results. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness , and disadvantages , such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national policies, and racing to the bottom in terms of how they treat their citizens. This big size, federalism seemed to be the advantages of federalism in nigeria option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular in. Society as a political system are constantly told that federalism is a conflict of authority between federal! Duplication and buck-passing federalism is a creation of the primary reasons why democratic countries this. 'S a reply to your comment or update on this information citizens to in... Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the crux of article! 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